Super-spreaders of novel coronaviruses that cause SARS, MERS and COVID-19: a systematic review.

Autor: Brainard J; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. Electronic address: j.brainard@uea.ac.uk., Jones NR; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Harrison FCD; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Hammer CC; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Lake IR; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Annals of epidemiology [Ann Epidemiol] 2023 Jun; Vol. 82, pp. 66-76.e6. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 30.
DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.03.009
Abstrakt: Purpose: Most index cases with novel coronavirus infections transmit disease to just one or two other individuals, but some individuals "super-spread"-they infect many secondary cases. Understanding common factors that super-spreaders may share could inform outbreak models, and be used to guide contact tracing during outbreaks.
Methods: We searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, and preprints to identify studies about people documented as transmitting pathogens that cause SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 to at least nine other people. We extracted data to describe them by age, sex, location, occupation, activities, symptom severity, any underlying conditions, disease outcome and undertook quality assessment for outbreaks published by June 2021.
Results: The most typical super-spreader was a male age 40+. Most SARS or MERS super-spreaders were very symptomatic, the super-spreading occurred in hospital settings and frequently the individual died. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders often had very mild disease and most COVID-19 super-spreading happened in community settings.
Conclusions: SARS and MERS super-spreaders were often symptomatic, middle- or older-age adults who had a high mortality rate. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders tended to have mild disease and were any adult age. More outbreak reports should be published with anonymized but useful demographic information to improve understanding of super-spreading, super-spreaders, and the settings in which super-spreading happens.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Iain Lake reports that he was grant recipient for financial support for all authors, as provided by the National Institute for Health Research.
(Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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