| Autor: |
Nagassar RP; Department of Microbiology, Sangre Grande Hospital, The Eastern Regional Health Authority, Sangre Grande, Trinidad and Tobago., Jalim N; Country Health Administration, Nariva/Mayaro, The Eastern Regional Health Authority, Rio Claro, Trinidad and Tobago., Mitchell A; Pharmacy Department, Sangre Grande Hospital, The Eastern Regional Health Authority, Sangre Grande, Trinidad and Tobago., Harrinanan A; Country Health Administration, St Andrews/St David, The Eastern Regional Health Authority, Sangre Grande, Trinidad and Tobago., Mohammed A; Country Health Administration, St Andrews/St David, The Eastern Regional Health Authority, Sangre Grande, Trinidad and Tobago., Dookeeram DK; Department of Emergency Medicine, Sangre Grande Hospital, Sangre Grande, The Eastern Regional Health Authority, Sangre Grande, Trinidad and Tobago., Marin D; Independent Researcher, Belmopan, Belize., Giangreco L; Centro Universitario de Farmacología de Argentina (CUFAR), La Plata 1900, Argentina., Lichtenberger P; Division of Infectious Disease, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA., Marin GH; Centro Universitario de Farmacología de Argentina (CUFAR), La Plata 1900, Argentina. |
| Abstrakt: |
An antimicrobial consumption (AMC) study was performed in Trinidad and Tobago at the Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA). A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1 November 2021 to 30 March 2022. Dosage and package types of amoxicillin, azithromycin, co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Consumption was measured using the World Health Organization's Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption Surveillance System methodology version 1.0, as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 population per day (DID). They were also analyzed using the 'Access', 'Watch' and 'Reserve' classifications. In the ERHA, AMC ranged from 6.9 DID to 4.6 DID. With regards to intravenous formulations, the 'Watch' group displayed increased consumption, from 0.160 DID in 2017 to 0.238 DID in 2019, followed by a subsequent drop in consumption with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Oral co-amoxiclav, oral cefuroxime, oral azithromycin and oral co-trimoxazole were the most highly consumed antibiotics. The hospital started off as the higher consumer of antibiotics, but this changed to the community. The consumption of 'Watch' group antibiotics increased from 2017 to 2021, with a drop in consumption of 'Access' antibiotics and at the onset of COVID-19. Consumption of oral azithromycin was higher in 2021 than 2020. |
