| Autor: |
Aidoo EK; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Accra Technical University, Accra GP 561, Ghana., Aboagye FT; Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Accra AH 38, Ghana., Botchway FA; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Accra Technical University, Accra GP 561, Ghana., Osei-Adjei G; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Accra Technical University, Accra GP 561, Ghana., Appiah M; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Accra Technical University, Accra GP 561, Ghana., Duku-Takyi R; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Accra Technical University, Accra GP 561, Ghana., Sakyi SA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, University Post Office, Kumasi AK 039, Ghana., Amoah L; Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra LG 581, Ghana., Badu K; Department of Theoretical & Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, University Post Office, Kumasi AK 039, Ghana., Asmah RH; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Science, University of Health & Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana., Lawson BW; Department of Theoretical & Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, University Post Office, Kumasi AK 039, Ghana., Krogfelt KA; Department of Science and Environment, Unit of Molecular and Medical Biology, The PandemiX Center, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.; Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. |
| Abstrakt: |
Reactive case detection (RACD) is the screening of household members and neighbors of index cases reported in passive surveillance. This strategy seeks asymptomatic infections and provides treatment to break transmission without testing or treating the entire population. This review discusses and highlights RACD as a recommended strategy for the detection and elimination of asymptomatic malaria as it pertains in different countries. Relevant studies published between January 2010 and September 2022 were identified mainly through PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms included "malaria and reactive case detection", "contact tracing", "focal screening", "case investigation", "focal screen and treat". MedCalc Software was used for data analysis, and the findings from the pooled studies were analyzed using a fixed-effect model. Summary outcomes were then presented using forest plots and tables. Fifty-four (54) studies were systematically reviewed. Of these studies, 7 met the eligibility criteria based on risk of malaria infection in individuals living with an index case < 5 years old, 13 met the eligibility criteria based on risk of malaria infection in an index case household member compared with a neighbor of an index case, and 29 met the eligibility criteria based on risk of malaria infection in individuals living with index cases, and were included in the meta-analysis. Individuals living in index case households with an average risk of 2.576 (2.540-2.612) were more at risk of malaria infection and showed pooled results of high variation heterogeneity chi-square = 235.600, ( p < 0.0001) I 2 = 98.88 [97.87-99.89]. The pooled results showed that neighbors of index cases were 0.352 [0.301-0.412] times more likely to have a malaria infection relative to index case household members, and this result was statistically significant ( p < 0.001). The identification and treatment of infectious reservoirs is critical to successful malaria elimination. Evidence to support the clustering of infections in neighborhoods, which necessitates the inclusion of neighboring households as part of the RACD strategy, was presented in this review. |
