Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County.

Autor:	Ochola S; Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya., Kanerva N; Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Wachira LJ; Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya., Owino GE; Department of Sociology, Gender and Development Studies, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya., Anono EL; Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya., Walsh HM; Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Okoth V; Department of Environmental Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya., Erkkola M; Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Swindell N; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Applied Sport Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom., Stratton G; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Applied Sport Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom., Onywera V; Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya., Fogelholm M; Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PLOS global public health [PLOS Glob Public Health] 2023 Feb 28; Vol. 3 (2), pp. e0000331. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 28 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pgph.0000331
Abstrakt:	The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing in lower-middle-income countries as these countries transition to unhealthy lifestyles. The transition is mostly predominant in urban areas. We assessed the association between wealth and obesity in two sub-counties in Nairobi City County, Kenya, in the context of family and poverty. This cross-sectional study was conducted among of 9-14 years old pre-adolescents and their guardians living in low- (Embakasi) and middle-income (Langata) sub-counties. The sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire. Weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist circumference were measured using standard approved protocols. Socioeconomic characteristics of the residential sites were accessed using Wealth Index, created by using Principal Component Analysis. Statistical analyses were done by analysis of variance (continuous variables, comparison of areas) and with logistic and linear regression models.A total of 149 households, response rate of 93%, participated, 72 from Embakasi and 77 from Langata. Most of the participants residing in Embakasi belonged to the lower income and education groups whereas participants residing in Langata belonged to the higher income and education groups. About 30% of the pre-adolescent participants in Langata were overweight, compared to 6% in Embakasi (p<0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of adults (mostly mothers) with overweight and obesity was high (65%) in both study areas. Wealth (β = 0.01; SE 0.0; p = 0.003) and income (β = 0.29; SE 0.11; p = 0.009) predicted higher BMI z-score in pre-adolescents. In, pre-adolescent overweight was already highly prevalent in the middle-income area, while the proportion of women with overweight/obesity was high in the low-income area. These results suggest that a lifestyle promoting obesity is high regardless of socioeconomic status and wealth in Kenya. This provides a strong justification for promoting healthy lifestyles across all socio-economic classes. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright: © 2023 Ochola et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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