Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border.

Autor:	Zazueta OE; Department of Epidemiology, Secretariat of Health of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Garfein RS; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America., Cano-Torres JO; Department of Epidemiology, Secretariat of Health of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Méndez-Lizárraga CA; Department of Epidemiology, Secretariat of Health of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Rodwell TC; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California, United States of America., Muñiz-Salazar R; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Ovalle-Marroquín DF; Department of Epidemiology, Secretariat of Health of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Yee NG; Department of Epidemiology, Secretariat of Health of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Serafín-Higuera IR; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., González-Reyes S; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Machado-Contreras JR; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Horton LE; Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America., Strathdee SA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California, United States of America., Rodríguez R; Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (El Colef), Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico., Hill L; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California, United States of America., Bojórquez-Chapela I; Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (El Colef), Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PLOS global public health [PLOS Glob Public Health] 2022 Aug 02; Vol. 2 (8), pp. e0000820. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 02 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pgph.0000820
Abstrakt:	Between March 2020 and February 2021, the state of Baja California, Mexico, which borders the United States, registered 46,118 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a mortality rate of 238.2 deaths per 100,000 residents. Given limited access to testing, the population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. The objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the three most populous cities of Baja California prior to scale-up of a national COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Probabilistic three-stage clustered sampling was used to conduct a population-based household survey of residents five years and older in the three cities. RT-PCR testing was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined by IgG antibody testing using fingerstick blood samples. An interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed participants' knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding COVID-19. In total, 1,126 individuals (unweighted sample) were surveyed across the three cities. Overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR was 7.8% (95% CI 5.5-11.0) and IgG seroprevalence was 21.1% (95% CI 17.4-25.2). There was no association between border crossing in the past 6 months and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (unadjusted OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.12-1.30). While face mask use and frequent hand washing were common among participants, quarantine or social isolation at home to prevent infection was not. Regarding vaccination willingness, 30.4% (95% CI 24.4-3 7.1) of participants said they were very unlikely to get vaccinated. Given the high prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California at the end of the first year of the pandemic, combined with its low seroprevalence and the considerable proportion of vaccine hesitancy, this important area along the Mexico-United States border faces major challenges in terms of health literacy and vaccine uptake, which need to be further explored, along with its implications for border restrictions in future epidemics. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright: © 2022 Zazueta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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