Nexus between constructs of social cognitive theory model and diabetes self-management among Ghanaian diabetic patients: A mediation modelling approach.

Autor:	Obirikorang Y; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Garden City University College (GCUC), Kenyasi, Kumasi, Ghana., Acheampong E; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.; Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia., Anto EO; Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.; Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Afrifa-Yamoah E; School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia., Adua E; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia., Taylor J; Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia., Fondjo LA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana., Lokpo SY; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., Adu EA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana., Adutwum B; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Garden City University College (GCUC), Kenyasi, Kumasi, Ghana., Antwi EO; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Garden City University College (GCUC), Kenyasi, Kumasi, Ghana., Acheampong EN; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana., Gyamfi MA; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., Aidoo F; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana., Owiredu EW; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana., Obirikorang C; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PLOS global public health [PLOS Glob Public Health] 2022 Jul 25; Vol. 2 (7), pp. e0000736. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 25 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pgph.0000736
Abstrakt:	The promotion of Diabetes Self-Management (DSM) practices, education, and support is vital to improving the care and wellbeing of diabetic patients. Identifying factors that affect DSM behaviours may be useful to promote healthy living among these patients. The study assessed the determinants of DSM practices among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using a model-based social cognitive theory (SCT). This cross-sectional study comprised 420 (T2DM) patients who visited the Diabetic Clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi-Ghana. Data was collected using self-structured questionnaires to obtain socio-demographic characteristics, T2DM-related knowledge, DSM practices, SCT constructs; beliefs in treatment effectiveness, level of self-efficacy, perceived family support, and healthcare provider-patient communication. Path analysis was used to determine direct and indirect effects of T2DM-related knowledge, perceived family support, and healthcare provider service on DSM practices with level of self-efficacy mediating the relationships, and beliefs in treatment effectiveness as moderators. The mean age of the participants was 53.1(SD = 11.4) years and the average disease duration of T2DM was 10 years. Most of the participants (65.5%) had high (>6.1mmol/L) fasting blood glucose (FBG) with an average of 6.93(SD = 2.41). The path analysis model revealed that age (p = 0.176), gender (p = 0.901), and duration of T2DM (p = 0.119) did not confound the relationships between the SCT constructs and DSM specified in the model. A significant direct positive effect of family and friends' support (Critical ratio (CR) = 5.279, p < 0.001) on DSM was observed. Self-efficacy was a significant mediator in this relationship (CR = 4.833, p < 0.001). There were significant conditional indirect effects (CIE) for knowledge of T2DM and family and friends' support at medium and high levels of belief in treatment effectiveness (p < 0.05) via level of self-efficacy on DSM practices. However, no evidence of moderated-mediation was observed for the exogenous variables on DSM. Diabetes-related knowledge of T2DM, family and friends' support, level of self-efficacy, and belief in treatment effectiveness are crucial in DSM practices among Ghanaian T2DM patients. It is incumbent to consider these factors when designing interventions to improve DSM adherence. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright: © 2022 Obirikorang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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