Paramagnetic Relaxation Agents for Enhancing Temporal Resolution and Sensitivity in Multinuclear FlowNMR Spectroscopy.

Autor: Bara-Estaún A; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.; Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom., Harder MC; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.; Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom., Lyall CL; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.; Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom., Lowe JP; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.; Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom., Suturina E; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom., Hintermair U; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.; Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.; Institute for Sustainability, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) [Chemistry] 2023 Jul 06; Vol. 29 (38), pp. e202300215. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 17.
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300215
Abstrakt: Sensitivity in FlowNMR spectroscopy for reaction monitoring often suffers from low levels of pre-magnetisation due to limited residence times of the sample in the magnetic field. While this in-flow effect is tolerable for high sensitivity nuclei such as 1 H and 19 F, it significantly reduces the signal-to-noise ratio in 31 P and 13 C spectra, making FlowNMR impractical for low sensititvity nuclei at low concentrations. Paramagnetic relaxation agents (PRAs), which enhance polarisation and spin-lattice relaxation, could eliminate the adverse in-flow effect and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, [Co(acac) 3 ], [Mn(acac) 3 ], [Fe(acac) 3 ] , [Cr(acac) 3 ] , [Ni(acac) 2 ] 3, [Gd(tmhd) 3 ] and [Cr(tmhd) 3 ] are investigated for their effectiveness in improving signal intensity per unit time in FlowNMR applications under the additional constraint of chemical inertness towards catalytically active transition metal complexes. High-spin Cr(III) acetylacetonates emerged as the most effective compounds, successfully reducing 31 P T 1 values four- to five-fold at PRA concentrations as low as 10 mM without causing adverse line broadening. Whereas [Cr(acac) 3 ] showed signs of chemical reactivity with a mixture of triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphine oxide and triphenylphosphate over the course of several hours at 80° C, the bulkier [Cr(tmhd) 3 ] was stable and equally effective as a PRA under these conditions. Compatibility with a range of representative transition metal complexes often used in homogeneous catalysis has been investigated, and application of [Cr(tmhd) 3 ] in significantly improving 1 H and 31 P{ 1 H} FlowNMR data quality in a Rh-catalysed hydroformylation reaction has been demonstrated. With the PRA added, 13 C relaxation times were reduced more than six-fold, allowing quantitative reaction monitoring of substrate consumption and product formation by 13 C{ 1 H} FlowNMR spectroscopy at natural abundance.
(© 2023 The Authors. Chemistry - A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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