Sound reasons for unsound sleep: Comparative support for the sentinel hypothesis in industrial and nonindustrial groups.

Autor:	McKinnon L; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, CanadaL5L 1C6., Shattuck EC; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, CanadaL5L 1C6.; Institute for Health Disparities Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.; Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA., Samson DR; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, CanadaL5L 1C6.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Evolution, medicine, and public health [Evol Med Public Health] 2022 Nov 22; Vol. 11 (1), pp. 53-66. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 22 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1093/emph/eoac039
Abstrakt:	Background and Objectives: Sleep is a vulnerable state in which individuals are more susceptible to threat, which may have led to evolved mechanisms for increasing safety. The sentinel hypothesis proposes that brief awakenings during sleep may be a strategy for detecting and responding to environmental threats. Observations of sleep segmentation and group sentinelization in hunter-gatherer and small-scale communities support this hypothesis, but to date it has not been tested in comparisons with industrial populations characterized by more secure sleep environments. Methodology: Here, we compare wake after sleep onset (WASO), a quantitative measure of nighttime awakenings, between two nonindustrial and two industrial populations: Hadza hunter-gatherers ( n = 33), Malagasy small-scale agriculturalists ( n = 38), and Hispanic ( n = 1,531) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) ( n = 347) Americans. We compared nighttime awakenings between these groups using actigraphically-measured sleep data. We fit linear models to assess whether WASO varies across groups, controlling for sex and age. Results: We found that WASO varies significantly by group membership and is highest in Hadza (2.44 h) and Malagasy (1.93 h) and lowest in non-Hispanic Whites (0.69 h). Hispanics demonstrate intermediate WASO (0.86 h), which is significantly more than NHW participants. After performing supplementary analysis within the Hispanic sample, we found that WASO is significantly and positively associated with increased perception of neighborhood violence. Conclusions and Implications: Consistent with principles central to evolutionary medicine, we propose that evolved mechanisms to increase vigilance during sleep may now be mismatched with relatively safer environments, and in part responsible for driving poor sleep health. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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