Deconstructing the components model of addiction: an illustration through "addictive" use of social media.

Autor: Fournier L; Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: lois.fournier@unil.ch., Schimmenti A; Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy. Electronic address: adriano.schimmenti@unikore.it., Musetti A; Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy. Electronic address: alessandro.musetti@unipr.it., Boursier V; Department of Humanities, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80133 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: valentina.boursier@unina.it., Flayelle M; Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: maeva.flayelle@unil.ch., Cataldo I; Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Trento, Italy. Electronic address: ilaria.cataldo@unitn.it., Starcevic V; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. Electronic address: vladan.starcevic@sydney.edu.au., Billieux J; Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: joel.billieux@unil.ch.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Addictive behaviors [Addict Behav] 2023 Aug; Vol. 143, pp. 107694. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 15.
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107694
Abstrakt: The components model of addiction posits that all addictions share six components, namely salience, tolerance, mood modification, relapse, withdrawal, and conflict. This highly influential model has resulted in the development of numerous psychometric instruments that measure addictive behaviors according to these criteria. However, recent research suggests that, in the context of behavioral addictions, certain components constitute peripheral features that do not distinguish non-pathological from pathological behavior. Using "addictive" use of social media as a representative example, we examined this perspective by testing whether these six components actually assess central features of addiction, or whether some of them constitute peripheral features that are not indicative of a disorder. Four independent samples totaling 4,256 participants from the general population completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, a six-item psychometric instrument derived from the components model of addiction to assess social media "addiction". By performing structural equation modeling and network analyses, we showed that the six components did not form a unitary construct and, crucially, that some components (i.e., salience, tolerance) were not associated with measures assessing psychopathological symptoms. Taken together, these results suggest that psychometric instruments based on the components model conflate central and peripheral features of addiction when applied to behavioral addictions. This implies that such instruments pathologize involvement in appetitive behaviors. Our findings thus call for renewing the conceptualization and assessment of behavioral addictions.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: