Deterioration of the quality of packaged potable water (bottled water) exposed to sunlight for a prolonged period: An implication for public health.

Autor: Umoafia N; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria., Joseph A; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria. Electronic address: joseph.akan@yahoo.com., Edet U; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria., Nwaokorie F; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria., Henshaw O; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria., Edet B; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria., Asanga E; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria., Mbim E; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria., Chikwado C; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria., Obeten H; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association [Food Chem Toxicol] 2023 May; Vol. 175, pp. 113728. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 15.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113728
Abstrakt: The exposure of bottled water to sunlight leaches heavy metals into the water, thereby deteriorating its quality and this informed the study. Three plastic bottle brands (n = 100 per brand) were exposed to sunlight for different durations. The leaching of contaminants was exposure duration dependent. The following ranges were recorded for temperature (26.67-29.83 °C), pH (4.73-6.12), conductivity (159.00-298.67 μs/cm), turbidity (0.92-1.22 N.T.U), TDS (98.17-192.77 mg/l), hardness (38.12-78.17 mg/l), Fe (0.01-0.57 mg/l), Mn (BDL - 0.46), Cr (BDL - 0.37 mg/l), Al (BDL - 0.53 mg/l), Cd (0.02-0.21 mg/l), Zn (1.18-9.90 mg/l), Pb (0.03-1.68 mg/l), As (BDL - 1.48 mg/l), and Ni (0.05-1.55 mg/l). Health risk evaluation in all bottled water brands revealed possible Cr, Cd, Pb, As, and Ni toxicity. The carcinogenic risk of Cr, As, and, Ni, indicated potential cancer. Arsenic posed the highest non-carcinogenic risk, while Ni posed the highest carcinogenic risk in all brands after 42 days of exposure. The microbial parameters failed to meet the WHO safety limits. The exposure of bottled water to sunlight should be avoided, to ensure a healthy population.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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