Correlation between caffeine and coprostanol in contrasting Amazonian water bodies.

Autor: de Melo MG; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), General Rodrigo Octavio Avenue, 6200, Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil., Dos Anjos OC; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), General Rodrigo Octavio Avenue, 6200, Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil., Nunes AP; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), General Rodrigo Octavio Avenue, 6200, Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil., Farias MADS; Departamento de Tecnologia Agroindustrial e Socioeconomia Rural (DTAiSeR), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 174, Araras, SP, Brazil., Val AL; Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), André Araújo Avenue, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, AM, Brazil., Chaar JDS; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), General Rodrigo Octavio Avenue, 6200, Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil., Bataglion GA; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), General Rodrigo Octavio Avenue, 6200, Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil. Electronic address: giovanabataglion@ufam.edu.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Chemosphere [Chemosphere] 2023 Jun; Vol. 326, pp. 138365. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 09.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138365
Abstrakt: The evaluation of contamination by domestic sewage is relevant in the Amazon region; however, it has neither been well-developed nor accompanied by research or monitoring programs. In this study, caffeine and coprostanol as indicators of sewage were investigated in water samples from Amazonian water bodies that crisscross the city of Manaus (Amazonas state, Brazil) and cover regions with distinct main land uses such as high-density residential, low-density residential, commercial, industrial, and environmental protection areas. Thirty-one water samples were studied based on their dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM) fractions. Quantitative determination of both caffeine and coprostanol was carried out using LC-MS/MS with APCI in the positive ionization mode. The streams of the urban area of Manaus had the highest concentrations of caffeine (1.47-69.65 μg L -1 ) and coprostanol (2.88-46.92 μg L -1 ). Samples from the peri-urban Tarumã-Açu stream and from the streams in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve showed much lower concentrations of caffeine (20.20-165.78 ng L -1 ) and coprostanol (31.49-120.44 ng L -1 ). Samples from the Negro River showed a wider range of concentrations of caffeine (20.59-873.59 ng L -1 ) and coprostanol (31.72-706.46 ng L -1 ), with the highest values found in the outfalls of the urban streams. Levels of caffeine and coprostanol were significantly positively correlated in the different organic matter fractions. The coprostanol/(coprostanol + cholestanol) ratio proved to be a more suitable parameter than the coprostanol/cholesterol one in low-density residential areas. Proximity to densely populated areas and the flow of water bodies appear to influence the caffeine and coprostanol concentrations, which was observed in their clustering in the multivariate analysis. The results indicate that caffeine and coprostanol can be detected even in water bodies that receive very low domestic sewage input. Therefore, this study revealed that both caffeine in DOM and coprostanol in POM represent viable alternatives for use in studies and monitoring programs even in remote areas of the Amazon, where microbiological analyses are often unfeasible.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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