Adult-onset epilepsy and hippocampal pathology in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus): A case study of suspected in utero exposure to domoic acid.

Autor: Krucik DDR; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, MA 01581, USA., Cook P; New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA., Cathey M; Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92134, USA., Meegan JM; National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA 92106, USA., Gomez FM; National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA 92106, USA., Bonn WV; The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA., Le-Bert C; US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152, USA. Electronic address: carolina.r.le-bert.civ@us.navy.mil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Neurotoxicology [Neurotoxicology] 2023 May; Vol. 96, pp. 13-18. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 03.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.02.010
Abstrakt: Domoic acid (DA) is a naturally occurring marine neurotoxin produced by Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms. Adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) can experience multiple post-exposure syndromes, including acute toxicosis and chronic epilepsy. Additionally, a delayed-onset epileptic syndrome is proposed for California sea lions (CSL) exposed in utero. This brief report explores a case of a CSL developing adult-onset epilepsy with progressive hippocampal neuropathology. Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hippocampal volumetric analyses relative to brain size were normal. Approximately 7 years later, MRI studies to evaluate a newly developed epileptic syndrome demonstrated unilateral hippocampal atrophy. While other causes of unilateral hippocampal atrophy cannot be completely excluded, this case may represent in vivo evidence of adult-onset epileptiform DA toxicosis in a CSL. By estimating in utero DA exposure time period, and extrapolating from studies conducted on laboratory species, this case provides circumstantial evidence for a neurodevelopmental explanation correlating in utero exposure to adult-onset disease. Evidence of delayed disease development secondary to gestational exposure to naturally occurring DA has broad implications for marine mammal medicine and public health.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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