Energy expenditure, dietary intake and energy availability in female professional football players.

Autor:	Dasa MS; Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway., Friborg O; Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway., Kristoffersen M; Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway., Pettersen G; Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway., Plasqui G; Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands., Sundgot-Borgen JK; Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway., Rosenvinge JH; Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMJ open sport & exercise medicine [BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med] 2023 Feb 23; Vol. 9 (1), pp. e001553. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 23 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001553
Abstrakt:	Objectives: To quantify energy expenditure and intake in professional female footballers playing on a national and/or international level. Second, to determine the prevalence of low energy availability among these players, defined as <30 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/day. Methods: Fifty-one players completed a 14-day prospective observational study during the 2021/2022 football season. Energy expenditure was determined using the doubly labelled water method. Energy intake was assessed using dietary recalls, while global positioning system determined the external physiological load. Descriptive statistics, stratification and the correlation between explainable variables and outcomes were conducted to quantify the energetic demands. Results: The mean energy expenditure for all players (22±4 years) was 2918±322 kcal. Mean energy intake was 2274±450 kcal, resulting in a discrepancy of ~22%. Carbohydrate intake was below the recommended guidelines on match day at 4.5±1.9 g/kg. The mean energy availability was 36.7±17.7 kcal/kg FFM/day on matchday and 37.9±11.7 kcal/kg FFM/day on training days, resulting in a prevalence of 36% and 23% for low energy availability during the observational period, respectively. Conclusion: These elite female football players displayed moderate energy expenditure levels and failed to meet the recommended levels of carbohydrate intake. In conjunction with inadequate nutritional periodisation, this will likely hamper performance through inadequate muscle glycogen resynthesis. In addition, we found a considerable prevalence of low energy availability on match and training days. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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