Dietary Fish Meal Level and a Package of Choline, β -Glucan, and Nucleotides Modulate Gut Function, Microbiota, and Health in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar , L.).

Autor: Krogdahl Å; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Ås, Norway., Chikwati EM; Aquamedic AS, Oslo, Norway., Krasnov A; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark., Dhanasiri A; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Ås, Norway., Berge GM; NOFIMA, Sunndalsøra, Norway., Aru V; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark., Khakimov B; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark., Engelsen SB; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark., Vinje H; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Ås, Norway., Kortner TM; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Ås, Norway.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Aquaculture nutrition [Aquac Nutr] 2023 Jan 05; Vol. 2023, pp. 5422035. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 05 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1155/2023/5422035
Abstrakt: Steatosis and inflammation have been common gut symptoms in Atlantic salmon fed plant rich diets. Choline has recently been identified as essential for salmon in seawater, and β -glucan and nucleotides are frequently used to prevent inflammation. The study is aimed at documenting whether increased fishmeal (FM) levels (8 levels from 0 to 40%) and supplementation (Suppl) with a mixture of choline (3.0 g/kg), β -glucan (0.5 g/kg), and nucleotides (0.5 g/kg) might reduce the symptoms. Salmon (186 g) were fed for 62 days in 16 saltwater tanks before samples were taken from 12 fish per tank for observation of biochemical, molecular, metabolome, and microbiome indicators of function and health. Steatosis but no inflammation was observed. Lipid digestibility increased and steatosis decreased with increasing FM levels and supplementation, seemingly related to choline level. Blood metabolites confirmed this picture. Genes in intestinal tissue affected by FM levels are mainly involved in metabolic and structural functions. Only a few are immune genes. The supplement reduced these FM effects. In gut digesta, increasing FM levels increased microbial richness and diversity, and changed the composition, but only for unsupplemented diets. An average choline requirement of 3.5 g/kg was indicated for Atlantic salmon at the present life stage and under the present condition.
Competing Interests: None of the authors of this manuscript has any conflict of interest regarding the work presented in this manuscript.
(Copyright © 2023 Åshild Krogdahl et al.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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