| Autor: |
Silva MJA; Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance (PPGEVS), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil.; Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil., Ribeiro LR; Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil., Gouveia MIM; Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil., Marcelino BDR; Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon (PPGBPA), University of Pará State (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil., Santos CSD; Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Pará (IFPA), Abaetetuba 68440-000, PA, Brazil., Lima KVB; Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil., Lima LNGC; Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance (PPGEVS), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil.; Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The immunopathogenic conditions of the hyperinflammatory response that cause systemic inflammation are extremely linked to its severity. This research sought to review the immunopathological elements that contribute to its progression. This is a systematic review using the PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, and SCIELO databases using articles between May 2020 and July 2022 with the following search terms in conjunction with "AND": "SARS-CoV-2"; "COVID-19"; "ARDS" and "Cytokine Storm". The quality appraisal and risk of bias were assessed by the JBI checklists and the Cochrane Collaboration's RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools, respectively, and the risk of bias for in vitro studies by a pre-defined standard in the literature. The search resulted in 39 articles. The main actors in this response denote SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins, cellular proteases, leukocytes, cytokines, and proteolytic cascades. The "cytokine storm" itself brings several complications to the host through cytokines such as IL-6 and chemokines (such as CCL2), which influence tissue inflammation through apoptosis and pyroptosis. The hyperinflammatory response causes several unfavorable outcomes in patients, and systemic inflammation caused largely by the dysregulation of the immune response should be controlled for their recovery. |
