Changes in preterm birth and stillbirth during COVID-19 lockdowns in 26 countries.

Autor:	Calvert C; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Brockway MM; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Zoega H; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland., Miller JE; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia., Been JV; Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Department of Public Health; Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Amegah AK; Public Health Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana., Racine-Poon A; Novartis, Basel, Switzerland., Oskoui SE; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Abok II; Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria., Aghaeepour N; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Akwaowo CD; Institute of Health Research and Development, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria.; College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria., Alshaikh BN; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Ayede AI; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria., Bacchini F; Canadian Premature Babies Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Barekatain B; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Barnes R; Aridhia Informatics, Glasgow, UK., Bebak K; Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ward, District Public Hospital in Poznań, Poznań, Poland., Berard A; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.; CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.; Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France., Bhutta ZA; Center of Excellence in Women Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.; Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Brook JR; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Bryan LR; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Child Health, University of The West MonaIndies, Mona, Jamaica., Cajachagua-Torres KN; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; The Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru., Campbell-Yeo M; School of Nursing, Dalhousie University and IWK Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada., Chu DT; Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam., Connor KL; Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Cornette L; AZ St-Jan Bruges-Ostend AV Hospital, Bruges, Belgium., Cortés S; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases Diagonal (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile., Daly M; Irish Neonatal Health Alliance, Wicklow, Ireland., Debauche C; Department of Neonatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, IREC, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.; CEpiP (Centre d'Epidémiologie Périnatale), Brussels, Belgium., Dedeke IOF; Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria., Einarsdóttir K; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.; Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia., Engjom H; Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway., Estrada-Gutierrez G; National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico., Fantasia I; Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Children's Hospital, Trieste, Italy., Fiorentino NM; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Franklin M; Department of Statistical Sciences and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Fraser A; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Gachuno OW; Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Gallo LA; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia., Gissler M; Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Håberg SE; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway., Habibelahi A; Neonatology, Neonatal Health Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran., Häggström J; Cytel, Waltham, MA, USA., Hookham L; St. George's University, Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, London, UK., Hui L; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Huicho L; Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil, Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible and School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru., Hunter KJ; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Huq S; Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh., Kc A; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Kadambari S; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK., Kelishadi R; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Khalili N; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Kippen J; Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ward, District Public Hospital in Poznań, Poznań, Poland., Le Doare K; International Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.; Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Medical Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda., Llorca J; Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.; CIBERESP (Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, en Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain., Magee LA; Institute of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK., Magnus MC; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway., Man KKC; Research Department of Practice and Policy, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, UK.; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong., Mburugu PM; Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya., Mediratta RP; Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Morris AD; Health Data Research UK, London, UK., Muhajarine N; Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada., Mulholland RH; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Bonnard LN; Melletted a helyem Egyesület, Right(s) Beside You Association, Budapest, Hungary., Nakibuuka V; Department of Paediatrics, St. Francis Nsambya Hospital, Kampala, Uganda., Nassar N; Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Nyadanu SD; Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Education, Culture, and Health Opportunities (ECHO) Research Group International, Aflao, Ghana., Oakley L; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK., Oladokun A; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria., Olayemi OO; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria., Olutekunbi OA; Lagos Island Maternity Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria., Oluwafemi RO; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Nigeria., Ogunkunle TO; Department of Paediatrics, Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria., Orton C; Swansea University, Swansea, UK., Örtqvist AK; Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Visby County Hospital, Visby, Sweden., Ouma J; Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda., Oyapero O; Paediatrics Department, Ikorodu General Hospital, Ikorodu, Nigeria., Palmer KR; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Pedersen LH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark., Pereira G; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.; Curtin School of Population Health and enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia., Pereyra I; School of Nutrition, Catholic University del Maule, Region del Maule, Chile., Philip RK; Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, University Maternity Hospital Limerick and University of Limerick School of Medicine, Limerick, Ireland., Pruski D; Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ward, District Public Hospital in Poznań, Poznań, Poland., Przybylski M; Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ward, District Public Hospital in Poznań, Poznań, Poland., Quezada-Pinedo HG; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; The Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru., Regan AK; School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Rhoda NR; Paediatric Department, School of Adolescent and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Mowbray Maternity Hospital, Western Cape Department of Health, Cape Town, South Africa., Rihs TA; Federal Statistical Office (FSO), Neuchâtel, Switzerland., Riley T; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Rocha TAH; Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health Department, Pan-American Health Organization - World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA., Rolnik DL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Saner C; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Schneuer FJ; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Souter VL; Foundation for Health Care Quality, Seattle, WA, USA., Stephansson O; Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Sun S; Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Swift EM; Faculty of Nursing, Department of Midwifery, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland., Szabó M; Division of Neonatology, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary., Temmerman M; Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya., Tooke L; Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Urquia ML; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., von Dadelszen P; Institute of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK., Wellenius GA; Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Whitehead C; The Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Wong ICK; Research Department of Practice and Policy, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, UK.; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong., Wood R; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK., Wróblewska-Seniuk K; II Department of Neonatology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland., Yeboah-Antwi K; Public Health Unit, Father Thomas Alan Rooney Memorial Hospital, Asankrangwa, Western Region, Ghana., Yilgwan CS; Department of Paediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria., Zawiejska A; Department of Medical Simulation, Chair of Medical Education, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland., Sheikh A; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Rodriguez N; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Burgner D; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. david.burgner@mcri.edu.au.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. david.burgner@mcri.edu.au., Stock SJ; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. sarah.stock@ed.ac.uk., Azad MB; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. meghan.azad@umanitoba.ca.; Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Community Health Sciences, and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. meghan.azad@umanitoba.ca.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Nature human behaviour [Nat Hum Behav] 2023 Apr; Vol. 7 (4), pp. 529-544. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 27.
DOI:	10.1038/s41562-023-01522-y
Abstrakt:	Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Changes in PTB rates, ranging from -90% to +30%, were reported in many countries following early COVID-19 pandemic response measures ('lockdowns'). It is unclear whether this variation reflects real differences in lockdown impacts, or perhaps differences in stillbirth rates and/or study designs. Here we present interrupted time series and meta-analyses using harmonized data from 52 million births in 26 countries, 18 of which had representative population-based data, with overall PTB rates ranging from 6% to 12% and stillbirth ranging from 2.5 to 10.5 per 1,000 births. We show small reductions in PTB in the first (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.95-0.98, P value <0.0001), second (0.96, 0.92-0.99, 0.03) and third (0.97, 0.94-1.00, 0.09) months of lockdown, but not in the fourth month of lockdown (0.99, 0.96-1.01, 0.34), although there were some between-country differences after the first month. For high-income countries in this study, we did not observe an association between lockdown and stillbirths in the second (1.00, 0.88-1.14, 0.98), third (0.99, 0.88-1.12, 0.89) and fourth (1.01, 0.87-1.18, 0.86) months of lockdown, although we have imprecise estimates due to stillbirths being a relatively rare event. We did, however, find evidence of increased risk of stillbirth in the first month of lockdown in high-income countries (1.14, 1.02-1.29, 0.02) and, in Brazil, we found evidence for an association between lockdown and stillbirth in the second (1.09, 1.03-1.15, 0.002), third (1.10, 1.03-1.17, 0.003) and fourth (1.12, 1.05-1.19, <0.001) months of lockdown. With an estimated 14.8 million PTB annually worldwide, the modest reductions observed during early pandemic lockdowns translate into large numbers of PTB averted globally and warrant further research into causal pathways. (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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