| Autor: |
Kirwan LB; School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland., Walton J; Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland., Flynn A; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland., Nugent AP; School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.; School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK., Kearney J; School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland., Holden NM; School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland., McNulty BA; School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Nutrients [Nutrients] 2023 Feb 16; Vol. 15 (4). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 16. |
| DOI: |
10.3390/nu15040981 |
| Abstrakt: |
Dietary changes are required to mitigate the climatic impact of food consumption. Food consumption databases can support the development of sustainable food based dietary guidelines (SFBDG) when linked to environmental indicators. An improved knowledge base is crucial to the transition to sustainable diets, and multiple environmental indicators should be considered to ensure this transition is evidence based and accounts for trade-offs. The current study aimed to quantify the environmental impact of daily diets across population groups in Ireland. Nationally representative food consumption surveys for Irish children (NCFSII; 2017-2018), teenagers (NTFSII; 2019-2020), and adults (NANS; 2008-2010) were used in this analysis. Blue water use (L) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe; kgCO 2 eq) were assigned at food level to all surveys. Cropland (m 2 ), nitrogen (kgN/t), and phosphorous use (kgP/t) were assigned at the agricultural level for adults. Multiple linear regressions, Spearman correlations, and ANCOVAs with Bonferroni corrections were conducted. Higher environmental impact diets were significantly associated with demographic factors such as age, education status, residential location, and sex, but these associations were not consistent across population groups. The median greenhouse gas emissions were 2.77, 2.93, and 4.31 kgCO 2 eq, and freshwater use per day was 88, 144, and 307 L for children, teenagers, and adults, respectively. The environmental impact of the Irish population exceeded the planetary boundary for GHGe by at least 148% for all population groups, however the boundary for blue water use was not exceeded. Meat and meat alternatives (27-44%); eggs, dairy, and dairy alternatives (15-21%); and starchy staples (10-20%) were the main contributors to GHGe. For blue water use, the highest contributors were meat and meat alternatives in children; savouries, snacks, nuts, and seeds in teenagers; and eggs, dairy, and dairy alternatives in adults (29-52%). In adults, cropland use, nitrogen use, and phosphorous use exceeded planetary boundaries by 277-382%. Meat, dairy, and grains were the main contributors to cropland, nitrogen, and phosphorous use (79-88%). The quantified environmental impact of Irish diets provides a baseline analysis, against which it will be possible to track progress towards sustainable diets, and the basis for the development of Sustainable Food Based Dietary Guidelines in Ireland. |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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