| Autor: |
Idris AO; UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria 392, South Africa.; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West 7129, South Africa., Akanji SP; Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering Department, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Perth, WA 6027, Australia., Orimolade BO; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa., Olorundare FOG; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa., Azizi S; UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria 392, South Africa.; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West 7129, South Africa., Mamba B; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa., Maaza M; UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria 392, South Africa.; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West 7129, South Africa. |
| Abstrakt: |
The endless development in nanotechnology has introduced new vitality in device fabrication including biosensor design for biomedical applications. With outstanding features like suitable biocompatibility, good electrical and thermal conductivity, wide surface area and catalytic activity, nanomaterials have been considered excellent and promising immobilisation candidates for the development of high-impact biosensors after they emerged. Owing to these reasons, the present review deals with the efficient use of nanomaterials as immobilisation candidates for biosensor fabrication. These include the implementation of carbon nanomaterials-graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanodots-and MXenes, likewise their synergistic impact when merged with metal oxide nanomaterials. Furthermore, we also discuss the origin of the synthesis of some nanomaterials, the challenges associated with the use of those nanomaterials and the chemistry behind their incorporation with other materials for biosensor design. The last section covers the prospects for the development and application of the highlighted nanomaterials. |
