Recommendations for procedures related to the evidence chain of custody in forensic anthropology in Brazil.

Autor:	Damascena NP; Departamento de Polícia Técnica da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.; Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas, Brasilia, Brazil., Calmon Silva M; Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas, Brasilia, Brazil., Deitos AR; Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas, Brasilia, Brazil.; Instituto Nacional de Criminalística da Polícia Federal, Brasilia, Brazil., Baldasso RP; Departamento Médico-Legal do Instituto-Geral de Perícias do Rio Grande do Sul (IGP/RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil., Ferreira RCG; Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas, Brasilia, Brazil.; Instituto de Criminalística da Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal, Brasilia, Brazil., Kotinda Júnior C; Instituto Nacional de Criminalística da Polícia Federal, Brasilia, Brazil., Palhares Machado CE; Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas, Brasilia, Brazil.; Instituto Nacional de Criminalística da Polícia Federal, Brasilia, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Forensic sciences research [Forensic Sci Res] 2023 Feb 12; Vol. 7 (4), pp. 609-622. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 12 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.1080/20961790.2022.2076984
Abstrakt:	Forensic anthropologists perform specialised analysis, mainly involving skeletonised human remains, cadavers in advanced stages of decomposition, disassociated elements from the human body, and human remains in extreme carbonisation. The main objectives of the forensic anthropology expertise are human identification and assisting in determining the cause and manner of death. Estimating the time since death is also a priority for some cases, especially ones involving missing persons. This science works on individual cases, violent deaths, missing persons, mass disasters, suspected violations of human rights, and crimes against humanity. Forensic anthropological evidence is, in general, very sensitive. Thus, it is important to detail aspects relevant to the maintenance of the chain of custody at all phases of the investigation, as well as standardise the actions of the individuals involved. This aims to preserve the evidence integrity and sameness (Sameness: free translation of the Portuguese word "mesmidade", derived from a Spanish word that does not possess a translation to Portuguese. Sameness of evidence is understood as the guarantee that the evidence under valuation (or under analysis of its probative value) is exactly and integrally the same one which was collected, corresponding, therefore, to "the same" (and not "part of", "derived from"), safeguarding its value. Brazil Law No. 13.964 of 14 December 2019 establishes and lists 10 phases related to the evidence chain of custody that must be followed. These newly introduced requirements resulted in the need for adaptation of the forensic, investigative, and legal actors involved in an investigation, and in the detailed description of the procedures for the different areas related to criminalistics, including forensic anthropology. The information provided in this article should be interpreted as recommendations, even though their non-compliance may weaken the investigative and forensic analysis processes in whole or in part. Competing Interests: No potential competing interest was reported by the authors. (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of the Academy of Forensic Science.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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