Niche evolution in a northern temperate tree lineage: biogeographical legacies in cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris).

Autor: Denk T; Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden., Grimm GW; Unaffiliated, 45100 Orléans, France., Hipp AL; The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532-1293, USA., Bouchal JM; Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria., Schulze ED; Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701 Jena, Germany., Simeone MC; Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Annals of botany [Ann Bot] 2023 May 15; Vol. 131 (5), pp. 769-787.
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad032
Abstrakt: Background and Aims: Cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris) comprise 15 extant species in Eurasia. Despite being a small clade, they display a range of leaf morphologies comparable to the largest sections (>100 spp.) in Quercus. Their fossil record extends back to the Eocene. Here, we explore how cork oaks achieved their modern ranges and how legacy effects might explain niche evolution in modern species of section Cerris and its sister section Ilex, the holly oaks.
Methods: We inferred a dated phylogeny for cork and holly oaks using a reduced-representation next-generation sequencing method, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), and used D-statistics to investigate gene flow hypotheses. We estimated divergence times using a fossilized birth-death model calibrated with 47 fossils. We used Köppen profiles, selected bioclimatic parameters and forest biomes occupied by modern species to infer ancestral climatic and biotic niches.
Key Results: East Asian and Western Eurasian cork oaks diverged initially in the Eocene. Subsequently, four Western Eurasian lineages (subsections) differentiated during the Oligocene and Miocene. Evolution of leaf size, form and texture was correlated, in part, with multiple transitions from ancestral humid temperate climates to mediterranean, arid and continental climates. Distantly related but ecologically similar species converged on similar leaf traits in the process.
Conclusions: Originating in temperate (frost-free) biomes, Eocene to Oligocene ranges of the primarily deciduous cork oaks were restricted to higher latitudes (Siberia to north of Paratethys). Members of the evergreen holly oaks (section Ilex) also originated in temperate biomes but migrated southwards and south-westwards into then-(sub)tropical southern China and south-eastern Tibet during the Eocene, then westwards along existing pre-Himalayan mountain ranges. Divergent biogeographical histories and deep-time phylogenetic legacies (in cold and drought tolerance, nutrient storage and fire resistance) thus account for the modern species mosaic of Western Eurasian oak communities, which are composed of oaks belonging to four sections.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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