Genetic and epidemiological description of an outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived polio-virus type 2 (cVDPV2) in Angola, 2019-2020.

Autor: Morais A; Angola Ministry of Health. R. 17 de Setembro, Luanda, Angola., Morais J; Angola Ministry of Health. R. 17 de Setembro, Luanda, Angola., Felix M; Angola Ministry of Health. R. 17 de Setembro, Luanda, Angola., Neto Z; Angola Ministry of Health. R. 17 de Setembro, Luanda, Angola., Madaleno V; Angola Ministry of Health. R. 17 de Setembro, Luanda, Angola., Umar AS; World Health Organization, Angola Country Office. Condomínio Rosalinda, Edifício da ONU, Estrada Direita da Samba, Futungo de Belas, Luanda, Angola., Panda N; World Health Organization, Angola Country Office. Condomínio Rosalinda, Edifício da ONU, Estrada Direita da Samba, Futungo de Belas, Luanda, Angola., Lemma F; World Health Organization, Angola Country Office. Condomínio Rosalinda, Edifício da ONU, Estrada Direita da Samba, Futungo de Belas, Luanda, Angola., Chivale JAL; World Health Organization, Angola Country Office. Condomínio Rosalinda, Edifício da ONU, Estrada Direita da Samba, Futungo de Belas, Luanda, Angola., Cavalcante DG; World Health Organization, Angola Country Office. Condomínio Rosalinda, Edifício da ONU, Estrada Direita da Samba, Futungo de Belas, Luanda, Angola., Davlantes E; Global Immunization Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: Lyo2@cdc.gov., Ghiselli M; Global Immunization Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA., Espinosa C; Global Immunization Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA., Whiteman A; Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 4770, Buford Hwy Northeast, Atlanta, GA, USA., Iber J; Division of Viral Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA., Henderson E; Division of Viral Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA., Bullard K; Division of Viral Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA., Jorba J; Division of Viral Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA., Burns CC; Division of Viral Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA., Diop O; Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 20, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland., Gumede N; World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Cité du Djoué, P.O. Box 06, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo., Seakamela L; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1, Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa., Howard W; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1, Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa., Frawley A; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Angola Country Office, R. Houari Boumediene 32, Luanda, Angola.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Vaccine [Vaccine] 2023 Apr 06; Vol. 41 Suppl 1, pp. A48-A57. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 17.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.035
Abstrakt: After six years without any detection of poliomyelitis cases, Angola reported a case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) with paralysis onset date of 27 March 2019. Ultimately, 141 cVDPV2 polio cases were reported in all 18 provinces in 2019-2020, with particularly large hotspots in the south-central provinces of Luanda, Cuanza Sul, and Huambo. Most cases were reported from August to December 2019, with a peak of 15 cases in October 2019. These cases were classified into five distinct genetic emergences (emergence groups) and have ties with cases identified in 2017-2018 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. From June 2019 to July 2020, the Angola Ministry of Health and partners conducted 30 supplementary immunization activity (SIA) rounds as part of 10 campaign groups, using monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2). There were Sabin 2 vaccine strain detections in the environmental (sewage) samples taken after mOPV2 SIAs in each province. Following the initial response, additional cVDPV2 polio cases occurred in other provinces. However, the national surveillance system did not detect any new cVDPV2 polio cases after 9 February 2020. While reporting subpar indicator performance in epidemiological surveillance, the laboratory and environmental data as of May 2021 strongly suggest that Angola successfully interrupted transmission of cVDPV2 early in 2020. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic did not allow a formal Outbreak Response Assessment (OBRA). Improving the sensitivity of the surveillance system and the completeness of AFP case investigations will be vital to promptly detect and interrupt viral transmission if a new case or sewage isolate are identified in Angola or central Africa.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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