Antagonism of ALAS1 by the Measles Virus V protein contributes to degradation of the mitochondrial network and promotes interferon response.

Autor: Khalfi P; Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.; Sorbonne Université, Complexité du Vivant, ED515, Paris, France., Suspène R; Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Raymond KA; Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.; Sorbonne Université, Complexité du Vivant, ED515, Paris, France., Caval V; Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Caignard G; UMR1161 Virologie, ANSES-INRAE-ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France., Berry N; Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.; Sorbonne Université, Complexité du Vivant, ED515, Paris, France.; UMR1161 Virologie, ANSES-INRAE-ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France., Thiers V; Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Combredet C; Vaccines Innovation Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Rufie C; Vaccines Innovation Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Rigaud S; Image Analysis Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Ghozlane A; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Volant S; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Komarova AV; Interactomics, RNA and Immunity Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Tangy F; Vaccines Innovation Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France., Vartanian JP; Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS pathogens [PLoS Pathog] 2023 Feb 21; Vol. 19 (2), pp. e1011170. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 21 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011170
Abstrakt: Viruses have evolved countless mechanisms to subvert and impair the host innate immune response. Measles virus (MeV), an enveloped, non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus, alters the interferon response through different mechanisms, yet no viral protein has been described as directly targeting mitochondria. Among the crucial mitochondrial enzymes, 5'-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in heme biosynthesis, generating 5'-aminolevulinate from glycine and succinyl-CoA. In this work, we demonstrate that MeV impairs the mitochondrial network through the V protein, which antagonizes the mitochondrial enzyme ALAS1 and sequesters it to the cytosol. This re-localization of ALAS1 leads to a decrease in mitochondrial volume and impairment of its metabolic potential, a phenomenon not observed in MeV deficient for the V gene. This perturbation of the mitochondrial dynamics demonstrated both in culture and in infected IFNAR-/- hCD46 transgenic mice, causes the release of mitochondrial double-stranded DNA (mtDNA) in the cytosol. By performing subcellular fractionation post infection, we demonstrate that the most significant source of DNA in the cytosol is of mitochondrial origin. Released mtDNA is then recognized and transcribed by the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III. The resulting double-stranded RNA intermediates will be captured by RIG-I, ultimately initiating type I interferon production. Deep sequencing analysis of cytosolic mtDNA editing divulged an APOBEC3A signature, primarily analyzed in the 5'TpCpG context. Finally, in a negative feedback loop, APOBEC3A an interferon inducible enzyme will orchestrate the catabolism of mitochondrial DNA, decrease cellular inflammation, and dampen the innate immune response.
Competing Interests: No competing interests.
(Copyright: © 2023 Khalfi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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