Alginate oligosaccharides enhance the antifungal activity of nystatin against candidal biofilms.

Autor:	Powell LC; Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom.; Microbiology and Infectious Disease group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom., Adams JYM; Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom., Quoraishi S; Otolaryngology Department, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom., Py C; Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom.; School of Engineering, University of Angers, Angers, France., Oger A; Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom.; School of Engineering, University of Angers, Angers, France., Gazze SA; Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom., Francis LW; Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom., von Ruhland C; Central Biotechnology Services, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom., Owens D; Head and Neck Directorate, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom., Rye PD; AlgiPharma AS, Sandvika, Norway., Hill KE; Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom., Pritchard MF; Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom., Thomas DW; Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2023 Jan 31; Vol. 13, pp. 1122340. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 31 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fcimb.2023.1122340
Abstrakt:	Background: The increasing prevalence of invasive fungal infections in immuno-compromised patients is a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. With the rapid emergence of antifungal resistance and an inadequate pipeline of new therapies, novel treatment strategies are now urgently required. Methods: The antifungal activity of the alginate oligosaccharide OligoG in conjunction with nystatin was tested against a range of Candida spp. ( C. albicans , C. glabrata , C. parapsilosis , C. auris , C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis ), in both planktonic and biofilm assays, to determine its potential clinical utility to enhance the treatment of candidal infections. The effect of OligoG (0-6%) ± nystatin on Candida spp. was examined in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and growth curve assays. Antifungal effects of OligoG and nystatin treatment on biofilm formation and disruption were characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ATP cellular viability assays. Effects on the cell membrane were determined using permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: MIC and growth curve assays demonstrated the synergistic effects of OligoG (0-6%) with nystatin, resulting in an up to 32-fold reduction in MIC, and a significant reduction in the growth of C. parapsilosis and C. auris (minimum significant difference = 0.2 and 0.12 respectively). CLSM and SEM imaging demonstrated that the combination treatment of OligoG (4%) with nystatin (1 µg/ml) resulted in significant inhibition of candidal biofilm formation on glass and clinical grade silicone surfaces ( p < 0.001), with increased cell death ( p < 0.0001). The ATP biofilm disruption assay demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability with OligoG (4%) alone and the combined OligoG/nystatin (MIC value) treatment ( p < 0.04) for all Candida strains tested. TEM studies revealed the combined OligoG/nystatin treatment induced structural reorganization of the Candida cell membrane, with increased permeability when compared to the untreated control ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Antimicrobial synergy between OligoG and nystatin against Candida spp. highlights the potential utility of this combination therapy in the prevention and topical treatment of candidal biofilm infections, to overcome the inherent tolerance of biofilm structures to antifungal agents. Competing Interests: DT and KH have received research funding from AlgiPharma AS. PR is the Chief Scientific Officer at AlgiPharma AS. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Powell, Adams, Quoraishi, Py, Oger, Gazze, Francis, von Ruhland, Owens, Rye, Hill, Pritchard and Thomas.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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