Assessment of water quality, trace metal pollution, source apportionment and health risks in the groundwater of Chakwal, Pakistan.
Autor: | Batool M; Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan., Toqeer M; Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan., Shah MH; Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. munir_qau@yahoo.com. |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Zdroj: | Environmental geochemistry and health [Environ Geochem Health] 2023 Jul; Vol. 45 (7), pp. 4327-4352. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 14. |
DOI: | 10.1007/s10653-023-01501-2 |
Abstrakt: | Groundwater quality evaluation is the main concern in the regions like Chakwal where it is major source of water for drinking and irrigation due to low storage capacity of the surface water and lack of proper irrigation system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate various physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, DO, TA, TH and chlorides) and selected essential/toxic trace metal concentrations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Li, Ag, Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) in order to explore their distribution, correlation, spatial variations and health risk assessment. Average concentration of some trace metals (Co, Cd and Pb) and physicochemical parameters (EC, TDS, and alkalinity) were found to exceed the national/international standards. Multivariate methods of analysis showed strong associations among Fe-Li-K, Sr-Mg-Ca, Cd-Mn, Cu-Zn, Ag-Co, and Cr-Pb-Na which were significantly contributed by anthropogenic activities. Irrigation water quality index exhibited intermediate suitability of the groundwater for irrigation purpose. Health risk evaluation of the trace metals revealed significant non-carcinogenic risks for Cd, Co and Pb (HQ (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.) |
Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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