The Association of Smoking and Coffee Consumption With Occurrence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection in Jazan City: A Cross-Sectional Study.
| Autor: | Abdulfattah AA; Department of Internal Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU., Jawkhab HA; Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU., Alhazmi AA; Facility of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU., Alfaifi NA; Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU., Sultan MA; Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU., Alnami RA; Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU., Kenani NY; Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU., Hamzi SA; Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU., Abu Sharha SM; Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU., Dighriri IM; Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Cureus [Cureus] 2023 Jan 09; Vol. 15 (1), pp. e33574. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 09 (Print Publication: 2023). |
| DOI: | 10.7759/cureus.33574 |
| Abstrakt: | Background: Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a severe infection responsible for upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGISs). Several causes of H. pylori infection include food ingestion and person-to-person transmission. Many lifestyle variables can affect the occurrence of UGISs such as coffee consumption and smoking. Objective: To assess the association between smoking and coffee consumption and the occurrence of UGISs in patients with active H. pylori infection in Jazan city in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to conduct the study between July 2022 and August 2022 in Jazan, southern Saudi Arabia. Male and female Saudis or non-Saudis ≥ 18 years of age with an active H. pylori infection were included. Participants under 18 years or without active H. pylori infection were excluded. Data were collected from participants using the convenience sampling technique and a structured questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire evaluated social and demographic factors such as age, sex, place of residence, nationality, and educational level; the second part evaluated smoking and coffee-drinking habits. Furthermore, frequencies and percentages represented categorical variables. A continuous variable was converted to a categorical variable. The relationship between different variables is tested using the Chi-square test. Result: The total number of respondents who completed the questionnaire was 1225, with only 422 having H. pylori entries in this study. There were 290 (68.7%) men and only 132 (31.3%) women among them; the majority were young adults (18-20 years old). More than half of the participants (53%) never smoked, 23% were active smokers, and 23% were former smokers. Around 27.1% smoke five cigarettes a day and 12.6% smoke five to 15 cigarettes a day. Three-hundred (71.1%) of the participants drank coffee. 23.9% indicated that they did not drink coffee. Of those who take coffee, more than half (51.7%) take fewer than three cups daily and 25.6% take approximately three to five cups of coffee per day. Our findings indicate a link between coffee consumption and UGISs (p = 0.00), while smoking did not have a significant relationship with UGISs (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Our research showed that drinking coffee was related to UGISs, but smoking was not found in people with active H. pylori infection. In smokers, UGISs increased substantially, but not significantly. We need real-world research to identify the association between coffee consumption and UGISs. In addition, we need to educate people at risk for UGISs to reduce coffee, smoking, and other risk factors. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2023, Abdulfattah et al.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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