Mechanically Robust Hybrid Gel Beads Loaded with "Naked" Palladium Nanoparticles as Efficient, Reusable, and Sustainable Catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction.

Autor: Albino M; Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Burden TJ; Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Piras CC; Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Whitwood AC; Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Fairlamb IJS; Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Smith DK; Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering [ACS Sustain Chem Eng] 2023 Jan 24; Vol. 11 (5), pp. 1678-1689. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 24 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05484
Abstrakt: The increase in demand for Pd and its low abundance pose a significant threat to its future availability, rendering research into more sustainable Pd-based technologies essential. Herein, we report Pd scavenging mechanically robust hybrid gel beads composed of agarose, a polymer gelator (PG), and an active low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) based on 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidenesorbitol (DBS), DBS-CONHNH 2 . The robustness of the PG and the ability of the LMWG to reduce Pd(II) in situ to generate naked Pd(0) nanoparticles (PdNPs) combine within these gel beads to give them potential as practical catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The optimized gel beads demonstrate good reusability, green metrics, and most importantly the ability to sustain stirring, improving reaction times and energy consumption compared to previous examples. In contrast to previous reports, the leaching of palladium from these next-generation beads is almost completely eliminated. Additionally, for the first time, a detailed investigation of these Pd-loaded gel beads explains precisely how the nanoparticles are formed in situ without a stabilizing ligand. Further, detailed catalytic investigations demonstrate that catalysis occurs within the gel beads. Hence, these beads can essentially be considered as robust "nonligated" heterogeneous PdNP catalysts. Given the challenges in developing ligand-free, naked Pd nanoparticles as stable catalysts, these gel beads may have future potential for the development of easily used systems to perform chemical reactions in "kit" form.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.
(© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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