Geographic variation in bacterial assemblages on cane toad skin is influenced more by local environments than by evolved changes in host traits.

Autor:	Weitzman CL; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia., Kaestli M; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia., Rose A; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia., Hudson CM; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland., Gibb K; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia., Brown GP; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia., Shine R; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia., Christian K; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Biology open [Biol Open] 2023 Feb 15; Vol. 12 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 06.
DOI:	10.1242/bio.059641
Abstrakt:	Bacterial assemblages on amphibian skin may play an important role in protecting hosts against infection. In hosts that occur over a range of environments, geographic variation in composition of bacterial assemblages might be due to direct effects of local factors and/or to evolved characteristics of the host. Invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) are an ideal candidate to evaluate environmental and genetic mechanisms, because toads have evolved major shifts in physiology, morphology, and behavior during their brief history in Australia. We used samples from free-ranging toads to quantify site-level differences in bacterial assemblages and a common-garden experiment to see if those differences disappeared when toads were raised under standardised conditions at one site. The large differences in bacterial communities on toads from different regions were not seen in offspring raised in a common environment. Relaxing bacterial clustering to operational taxonomic units in place of amplicon sequence variants likewise revealed high similarity among bacterial assemblages on toads in the common-garden study, and with free-ranging toads captured nearby. Thus, the marked geographic divergence in bacterial assemblages on wild-caught cane toads across their Australian invasion appears to result primarily from local environmental effects rather than evolved shifts in the host. Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. (© 2023. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu