Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of Ag nanomaterials (NM300K) in the soil environment-impact on Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta).

Autor: Santos FCF; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal., Verweij RA; Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands., van Gestel CAM; Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Amorim MJB; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: mjamorim@ua.pt.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety [Ecotoxicol Environ Saf] 2023 Mar 01; Vol. 252, pp. 114599. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 03.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114599
Abstrakt: Silver (Ag) is one of the most used elements in the nanomaterials (NMs) form, which upon release to the environment can be harmful to organisms. We compared the toxicokinetics (TK) and toxicodynamics (TD) of Ag from AgNO 3 (0, 15, 45, 135, 405 mg Ag/kg soil) and AgNM300K (0, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200 mg Ag/kg soil) in the model organism Enchytraeus crypticus. Organisms were exposed in LUFA 2.2 soil, and besides body Ag concentrations, survival and reproduction were determined, in a time series (for 21 days). In the soil, the available (CaCl 2 extractable) Ag fraction from Ag NM300K increased from 0 to 21 days but did not consistently change for AgNO 3 . Internal concentrations reached equilibrium in most exposures to both Ag forms. The organisms were able to internalize and eliminate Ag, but less when exposed to Ag NM300K. The overall uptake rate constants for Ag from AgNO 3 and Ag NM300K exposures were 0.05 and 0.06 kg soil/kg organism/day, respectively, the elimination rate constants 0.2 and 0.1 day -1 , respectively. For AgNO 3 the median lethal concentrations decreased steadily with time, while for Ag NM300K they remained constant during the first 10 days of exposure followed by a 2-fold decline in the last 7 days. The 21-d LC50s for both Ag forms were similar but the LC50 inter (based on internal concentrations) were 63 and 121 mg Ag/kg body DW (Dry Weight) for AgNO 3 and Ag NM300K, respectively, showing higher toxicity of AgNO 3 . These results show the importance of assessing time to toxicity, a relevant factor in toxicity assessment, especially for NMs.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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