Chimpanzee communities differ in their inter- and intrasexual social relationships.

Autor: Rawlings BS; Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.; Durham Cultural Evolution Research Centre, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.; Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, Psychology Department, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK., van Leeuwen EJC; Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany., Davila-Ross M; Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, Psychology Department, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK. Marina.Davila-Ross@port.ac.uk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Learning & behavior [Learn Behav] 2023 Mar; Vol. 51 (1), pp. 48-58. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 01.
DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00570-8
Abstrakt: Male and female human social bonding strategies are culturally shaped, in addition to being genetically rooted. Investigating nonhuman primate bonding strategies across sex groups allows researchers to assess whether, as with humans, they are shaped by the social environment or whether they are genetically predisposed. Studies of wild chimpanzees show that in some communities males have strong bonds with other males, whereas in others, females form particularly strong intrasex bonds, potentially indicative of cultural differences across populations. However, excluding genetic or ecological explanations when comparing different wild populations is difficult. Here, we applied social network analysis to examine male and female social bonds in two neighbouring semiwild chimpanzee groups of comparable ecological conditions and subspecies compositions, but that differ in demographic makeup. Results showed differences in bonding strategies across the two groups. While female-female party co-residence patterns were significantly stronger in Group 1 (which had an even distribution of males and females) than in Group 2 (which had a higher proportion of females than males), there were no such differences for male-male or male-female associations. Conversely, female-female grooming bonds were stronger in Group 2 than in Group 1. We also found that, in line with captive studies but contrasting research with wild chimpanzees, maternal kinship strongly predicted proximity and grooming patterns across the groups. Our findings suggest that, as with humans, male and female chimpanzee social bonds are influenced by the specific social group they live in, rather than predisposed sex-based bonding strategies.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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