Evaluation of Complex Mixture Toxicity in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA) Using Whole-Mixture and Component-Based Evaluation Methods.

Autor: Maloney EM; Department of Biology, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Minnesota, Duluth, USA., Villeneuve DL; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Jensen KM; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Blackwell BR; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Kahl MD; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Poole ST; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Vitense K; Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Feifarek DJ; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Patlewicz G; Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA., Dean K; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Tilton C; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Randolph EC; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Cavallin JE; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., LaLone CA; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Blatz D; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Schaupp CM; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA., Ankley GT; Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental toxicology and chemistry [Environ Toxicol Chem] 2023 Jun; Vol. 42 (6), pp. 1229-1256. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 28.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5571
Abstrakt: Anthropogenic activities introduce complex mixtures into aquatic environments, necessitating mixture toxicity evaluation during risk assessment. There are many alternative approaches that can be used to complement traditional techniques for mixture assessment. Our study aimed to demonstrate how these approaches could be employed for mixture evaluation in a target watershed. Evaluations were carried out over 2 years (2017-2018) across 8-11 study sites in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA). Whole mixtures were evaluated on a site-specific basis by deploying caged fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) alongside composite samplers for 96 h and characterizing chemical composition, in vitro bioactivity of collected water samples, and in vivo effects in whole organisms. Chemicals were grouped based on structure/mode of action, bioactivity, and pharmacological activity. Priority chemicals and mixtures were identified based on their relative contributions to estimated mixture pressure (based on cumulative toxic units) and via predictive assessments (random forest regression). Whole mixture assessments identified target sites for further evaluation including two sites targeted for industrial/urban chemical mixture effects assessment; three target sites for pharmaceutical mixture effects assessment; three target sites for further mixture characterization; and three low-priority sites. Analyses identified 14 mixtures and 16 chemicals that significantly contributed to cumulative effects, representing high or medium priority targets for further ecotoxicological evaluation, monitoring, or regulatory assessment. Overall, our study represents an important complement to single-chemical prioritizations, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the cumulative effects of mixtures detected in a target watershed. Furthermore, it demonstrates how different tools and techniques can be used to identify diverse facets of mixture risk and highlights strategies that can be considered in future complex mixture assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1229-1256. © 2023 SETAC.
(© 2023 SETAC.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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