Shifting gears: Study of immune system parameters of male habitual marathon runners.

Autor:	Panagoulias I; Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece., Charokopos N; Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Pyrgos 'Andreas Papandreou', Pyrgos, Greece., Thomas I; Allergy Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom., Spantidea PI; Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece., de Lastic AL; Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece., Rodi M; Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece., Anastasopoulou S; Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece., Aggeletopoulou I; Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece., Lazaris C; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States., Karkoulias K; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece., Leonidou L; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece., Georgopoulos NA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece., Markou KB; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece., Mouzaki A; Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2023 Jan 13; Vol. 13, pp. 1009065. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 13 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009065
Abstrakt:	Aim: Marathon is a running event in which athletes must cover a distance of 42.195 km. In addition to participating in marathons, marathoners have incorporated extensive running into their lifestyle. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term strenuous exercise in the form of marathon running on the immune system. Methods & Results: We collected peripheral blood samples from 37 male marathoners before/after a race and 37 age/sex/body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy sedentary controls. Hematological and biochemical tests revealed race-induced leukocytosis attributable to neutrophilia and significant increases in plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and cortisol concentrations. Phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes revealed race-induced significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes, memory helper T (Th) cells, naive, memory and activated cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, natural killer (NK), NKT, and B1 cells, and a significant increase in the number of activated Th and regulatory Th cells (Tregs). Compared with controls, marathoners maintained significantly lower levels of memory and activated Th cells and higher levels of activated Tc and B1 cells. Measurement of plasma cytokine levels revealed a pro-inflammatory cytokine polarization that increased after the race. Examination of gene expression of cytokines and Th-cell signature transcription factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-17, and a significant increase in IL-6, IL-10 and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) after the race. Compared with controls, marathoners maintained significantly higher levels of TNF-α. Assessment of the suppressive capacity of Tregs in co-cultures of isolated effector Th cells and Tregs showed significantly increased suppressive capacity of marathoners' Tregs after the race. Conclusions: Compared with controls, marathoners live with permanent changes in certain immune parameters. Marathoners exhibit a stable pro-inflammatory cytokine polarization that increases after the race and is counterbalanced by increased numbers of Tregs overexpressing FoxP3 and having increased suppressive capacity. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Panagoulias, Charokopos, Thomas, Spantidea, de Lastic, Rodi, Anastasopoulou, Aggeletopoulou, Lazaris, Karkoulias, Leonidou, Georgopoulos, Markou and Mouzaki.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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