The drivers and impacts of Amazon forest degradation.

Autor: Lapola DM; Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil., Pinho P; Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil., Barlow J; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK., Aragão LEOC; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.; Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK., Berenguer E; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Carmenta R; University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Liddy HM; Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.; NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA., Seixas H; Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil., Silva CVJ; Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.; BeZero Carbon Ltd, London, UK., Silva-Junior CHL; Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil., Alencar AAC; Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil., Anderson LO; Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil., Armenteras D; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia., Brovkin V; Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany., Calders K; Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Belgium.; School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland., Chambers J; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA., Chini L; University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Costa MH; Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil., Faria BL; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Diamantina, MG, Brazil., Fearnside PM; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil., Ferreira J; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Belém, PA, Brazil., Gatti L; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil., Gutierrez-Velez VH; Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Han Z; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China., Hibbard K; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA., Koven C; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA., Lawrence P; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA., Pongratz J; Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany.; Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Portela BTT; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil., Rounsevell M; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Ruane AC; NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA., Schaldach R; University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany., da Silva SS; Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil., von Randow C; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil., Walker WS; Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2023 Jan 27; Vol. 379 (6630), pp. eabp8622. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 27.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8622
Abstrakt: Approximately 2.5 × 10 6 square kilometers of the Amazon forest are currently degraded by fire, edge effects, timber extraction, and/or extreme drought, representing 38% of all remaining forests in the region. Carbon emissions from this degradation total up to 0.2 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year -1 ), which is equivalent to, if not greater than, the emissions from Amazon deforestation (0.06 to 0.21 Pg C year -1 ). Amazon forest degradation can reduce dry-season evapotranspiration by up to 34% and cause as much biodiversity loss as deforestation in human-modified landscapes, generating uneven socioeconomic burdens, mainly to forest dwellers. Projections indicate that degradation will remain a dominant source of carbon emissions independent of deforestation rates. Policies to tackle degradation should be integrated with efforts to curb deforestation and complemented with innovative measures addressing the disturbances that degrade the Amazon forest.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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