| Autor: |
Prihanto A; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.; Chemical Engineering Vocational Program, Catholic Polytechnic Mangun Wijaya, Semarang, Indonesia., Muryanto S; Department of Chemical Engineering, UNTAG University in Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia., Sancho Vaquer A; Department of Earth-and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Schmahl WW; Department of Earth-and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Ismail R; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia., Jamari J; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia., Bayuseno AP; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. |
| Abstrakt: |
ABSTRACT This study presents the use of a low-temperature hydrothermal method for extracting calcium sources from green mussel shell ( P. Viridis ) wastes and converting them into synthetic nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA). In this study, raw mussel shells were washed, pulverised, and sieved to start producing a fine calcium carbonate-rich powder. XRD quantitative analysis confirmed that the powder contains 97.6 wt. % aragonite. This powder was then calcined for 5 h at 900 °C to remove water, salt, and mud, yielding a calcium-rich feedstock with major minerals of calcite (68.7 wt.%), portlandite (24.7 wt.%), and minor aragonite (6.5 wt.%). The calcined powders were dissolved in aqueous stock solutions of HNO 3 and NH 4 OH before hydrothermally reacting with phosphoric acid [(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ], yielding pure, nanoscale (16-18 nm) carbonated HA crystals, according to XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analyses. The use of a low-temperature hydrothermal method for a feedstock powder produced by the calcination of low-cost mussel shell wastes would be a valuable processing approach for the industry's development of large-scale hydroxyapatite nanoparticle production. |
