Detection of β-N-methylamino-l-alanine in postmortem olfactory bulbs of Alzheimer's disease patients using UHPLC-MS/MS: An autopsy case-series study.

Autor: Garamszegi SP; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA., Banack SA; Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA., Duque LL; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA., Metcalf JS; Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA., Stommel EW; Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Department of Neurology, One Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA., Cox PA; Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA., Davis DA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Toxicology reports [Toxicol Rep] 2023 Jan 06; Vol. 10, pp. 87-96. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 06 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.01.002
Abstrakt: Introduction: Cyanobacterial blooms produce toxins that may become aerosolized, increasing health risks through inhalation exposures. Health related effects on the lower respiratory tract caused by these toxins are becoming better understood. However, nasal exposures to cyanotoxins remain understudied, especially for those with neurotoxic potential. Here, we present a case series study evaluating exposure to β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a cyanobacterial toxin linked to neurodegenerative disease, in postmortem olfactory tissues of individuals with varying stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods: Olfactory bulb ( Ob ) tissues were collected during autopsies performed between 2014 and 2017 from six South Florida brain donors (ages 47-78) with residences less than 140 m from a freshwater body. A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method validated according to peer AOAC International guidelines was used to detect BMAA and two BMAA isomers: 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG). Quantitative PCR was performed on the contralateral Ob to evaluate the relative expression of genes related to proinflammatory cytokines ( IL-6 & IL-18 ), apoptotic pathways ( CASP1 & BCL2 ), and mitochondrial stress ( IRF1 & PINK1 ). Immunohistochemistry was also performed on the adjacent olfactory tract ( Ot ) to evaluate co-occurring neuropathology with BMAA tissue concentration.
Results: BMAA was detected in the Ob of all cases at a median concentration of 30.4 ng/g (Range Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the cyanobacterial toxin BMAA can be detected in the olfactory pathway, a window to the brain, and its presence may increase the occurrence of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive glia, and toxicity to axonal processes. Further studies will be needed to evaluate BMAA's toxicity via this route of exposure and factors that increase susceptibility.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(© 2023 The Authors.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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