External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players.
| Autor: | Slovák L; Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia., Sarvestan J; Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.; Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom., Iwatsuki T; Department of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States., Zahradník D; Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia., Land WM; Department of Kinesiology, College for Health, Community and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States., Abdollahipour R; Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in psychology [Front Psychol] 2023 Jan 05; Vol. 13, pp. 1041871. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 05 (Print Publication: 2022). |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041871 |
| Abstrakt: | The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different volleyball-specific attentional focus instructions on arm velocities of a volleyball spike in young female volleyball players using the Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Twelve young female volleyball players (13.6 ± 0.6 years old, 1.8 ± 0.8 years of experience in volleyball training) were asked to perform a volleyball spike in a standing position in three different attentional focus conditions including internal focus (IF, i.e., pull back your elbow prior to transfer momentum), external focus, (EF, i.e., imagine cracking a whip to transfer momentum), and control (CON, i.e., no-focus instruction). A Qualisys 3D motion capture-system was used to track reflective markers attached to the arm, forearm, and hand. Consequently, four phases of the volleyball spike including wind-up, cocking, acceleration, and follow-through were analyzed. A one-way repeated-measure ANOVA using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1d) showed that players achieved greater velocities in the hand ( p < 0.01), forearm ( p < 0.01), and arm ( p < 0.01) using the EF instructions from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase. Post-hoc (SPM1d- t -tests-paired) analyses indicated significantly greater arm, forearm, and hand velocities during the EF condition, compared to CON ( p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) and IF ( p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) conditions. These findings suggest that EF instructions had an immediate impact on increasing volleyball spike velocity from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase prior to ball contact. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Slovák, Sarvestan, Iwatsuki, Zahradník, Land and Abdollahipour.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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