Menstrual phase influences cerebrovascular responsiveness in females but may not affect sex differences.

Autor: Skinner BD; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom., Weaver SRC; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom., Lucas SJE; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom., Lucas RAI; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Frontiers in physiology [Front Physiol] 2023 Jan 04; Vol. 13, pp. 1035452. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 04 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1035452
Abstrakt: Background and aims: Sex differences in the rate and occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases (e.g., stroke) indicate a role for female sex hormones (i.e., oestrogen and progesterone) in cerebrovascular function and regulation. However, it remains unclear how cerebrovascular function differs between the sexes, and between distinct phases of the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to compare cerebrovascular-CO 2 responsiveness in 1) females during the early follicular (EF), ovulatory (O) and mid-luteal (ML) phases of their menstrual cycle; and 2) males compared to females during phases of lower oestrogen (EF) and higher oestrogen (O). Methods: Eleven females (25 ± 5 years) complete experimental sessions in the EF ( n = 11), O ( n = 9) and ML ( n = 11) phases of the menstrual cycle. Nine males (22 ± 3 years) completed two experimental sessions, approximately 2 weeks apart for comparison to females. Middle and posterior cerebral artery velocity (MCAv, PCAv) was measured at rest, during two stages of hypercapnia (2% and 5% CO 2 inhalation) and hypocapnia (voluntary hyperventilation to an end-tidal CO 2 of 30 and 24 mmHg). The linear slope of the cerebral blood velocity response to changes in end-tidal CO 2 was calculated to measure cerebrovascular-CO 2 responsiveness.. Results: In females, MCAv-CO 2 responsiveness to hypocapnia was lower during EF (-.78 ± .45 cm/s/mmHg) when compared to the O phase (-1.17 ± .52 cm/s/mmHg; p < .05) and the ML phase (-1.30 ± .82; p < .05). MCAv-CO 2 responsiveness to hypercapnia and hypo-to-hypercapnia, and PCAv-CO 2 responsiveness across the CO 2 range were similar between menstrual phases ( p ≥ .20). MCAv-CO 2 responsiveness to hypo-to hypercapnia was greater in females compared to males (3.12 ± .91 cm/s/mmHg vs. 2.31 ± .46 cm/s/mmHg; p = .03), irrespective of menstrual phase (EF or O). Conclusion: Females during O and ML phases have an enhanced vasoconstrictive capacity of the MCA compared to the EF phase. Additionally, biological sex differences can influence cerebrovascular-CO 2 responsiveness, dependent on the insonated vessel.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Skinner, Weaver, Lucas and Lucas.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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