| Autor: |
Aziz AB; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.; International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul 08800, Republic of Korea., Øverbø J; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway., Dudman S; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway., Julin CH; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway., Kwon YJG; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA., Jahan Y; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0046, Japan., Ali M; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21205, USA., Dembinski JL; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway. |
| Abstrakt: |
HEV is the most common cause of acute hepatitis globally. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, testing, and treatment of HEV infection. We also focused on Bangladesh to highlight the distinct challenges and the possible remedies. In low-income settings, the virus is mainly transmitted between people by fecal contamination of drinking water causing large outbreaks, and sporadic cases. The disease is usually mild and self-limiting acute hepatitis. Still, pregnant women and their offspring in low-income countries are at particular risk for severe disease, with up to 20% maternal mortality. Despite the high burden of the disease, HEV remains a relatively neglected virus, with detection hampered by costly tests and a lack of suitable treatments. Molecular PCR diagnostics, together with ELISA antibody tests, remain the preferred methods for diagnosis of HEV; however, rapid bedside diagnostics are available and could offer a practical alternative, especially in low-income countries. One vaccine (HEV 239) is only available in China and Pakistan, as efficacy against the other genotypes remains uncertain. The effectiveness trial conducted in Bangladesh might lead the way in gathering more efficacy data and could, together with improved surveillance and raised awareness, dramatically reduce the global burden of HEV. |
