| Autor: |
Rao ZX; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA., Tokach MD; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA., Woodworth JC; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA., DeRouchey JM; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA., Goodband RD; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA., Gebhardt JT; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI [Animals (Basel)] 2023 Jan 05; Vol. 13 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 05. |
| DOI: |
10.3390/ani13020200 |
| Abstrakt: |
Feed additives have shown benefits throughout the literature in improving grow−finish pigs’ growth performance and carcass characteristics. However, the results have not been well summarized. Therefore, this review summarizes the available research (402 articles) on 14 feed additive categories fed to grow−finish pigs. The categories were acidifiers, betaine, Cr, conjugated linoleic acids, Cu, direct-fed microbials, carbohydrases, proteases, phytases, multi-enzymes, essential oils, L-carnitine, yeasts, and Zn. Qualified articles were collected and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from online databases. The percentage difference for each response variable between the treatment and control group was calculated and summarized. Most results were positive for each feed additive; however, the magnitude of improvement varied, and most were not statistically significant. For ADG, DFM, Cu, L-carnitine, and multi-enzymes showed relatively large positive effects (>2.1% improvement) across a reasonable number of articles. Acidifiers, betaine, CLA, multi-enzymes, DFM, L-carnitine, and yeasts showed relatively large positive effects (>2.5% improvement) on improving G:F. Moreover, except for betaine, Cr, CLA, and L-carnitine, most feed additives showed little and non-significant effects on BF thickness (<1.7% improvement). This review provides a descriptive analysis for commonly used feed additives in the hope of better understanding feed additives’ effects on grow−finish pigs. |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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