| Autor: |
Singh S; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Lai CH; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Iderus NHM; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Ghazali SM; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Ahmad LCRQ; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Cheng LM; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Nadzri MN; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Zulkifli AA; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Suppiah J; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Zaki RA; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia., Farid NDN; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia., Supramanian RK; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia., Nordin AA; Institute for Health System Research (IHSR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Lin CZ; Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia., Kaur K; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Batu Caves 68100, Malaysia., Ghazali NM; Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Depression is the most common mental health problem affecting adolescents globally, wherein its increasing prevalence together with the negative health impacts escalates the need for further research in this area. This work determined the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among young adolescents in Malaysia. A total of 1350 adolescent aged 13 to 14 years in school across nine secondary schools in Selangor state, Malaysia participated in a cross-sectional study. Independent variables were examined using the using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey included age, gender, ethnicity, alcohol intake, smoking and illicit drug use, loneliness, bullying, parental marital status, income and supervision; and the Health Literacy and Stigma questionnaire examined mental health literacy levels. Depressive symptoms were the dependent variable which was examined using the Center for Epidemiology Study Depression (CESD) instrument. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among all participants was 19 % (95% CI [16.9, 21.2]), with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms being reported among females 26.3% (95% CI [23.0, 29.8]) compared to males 11.7% (95% CI [9.4, 14.4]). Determinants namely females ( AOR = 3.83; 95% CI [2.66, 5.52]), smoking ( AOR = 6.16; 95% CI [3.15, 12.05]), been bullied ( AOR = 3.70; 95% CI [2.51, 5.47]), felt lonely ( AOR = 10.46; 95% CI [7.09, 15.42]) and having no parental supervision ( AOR = 1.79; 95% CI [1.26, 2.53]) significantly increased the odds of depressive symptoms among all adolescents in the multivariate model. In addition, feeling lonely, being bullied and smoking were identified as common significant determinants of depressive symptoms across both genders. Feeling lonely (65% to 71%) and being bullied (10% to 19%) were ranked as the most important determinants of depressive symptoms among young adolescents. Tackling these factors would be instrumental in helping decision makers formulate depression prevention strategies and activities for adolescents. |
