Mental representation of equivalence and order.

Autor:	von Hecker U; School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Müller E; Universität Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany., Kirian Dill S; Universität Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany., Christoph Klauer K; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) [Q J Exp Psychol (Hove)] 2023 Dec; Vol. 76 (12), pp. 2779-2793. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 06.
DOI:	10.1177/17470218231153974
Abstrakt:	With mental models based on relational information, the present research shows that the semantics expressed by the relation can determine the structural properties of the constructed model. In particular, we demonstrate a reversal of the classical, well-replicated symbolic distance effect (SDE), as a function of relational semantics. The classical SDE shows that responses are more accurate, and faster, the wider the distance between queried elements on a mentally constructed rank order. We replicate this effect in a study using a relation that expresses a rank hierarchy ("older than," Experiment 4). In contrast, we obtain a clear reversal of the same effect for accuracy data when the relation expresses a number of equivalence classes ("is from the same city," Experiments 1-3). In Experiment 3, we find clear evidence of a reversed SDE for accuracy and latency in the above standard condition, and flat curves of means, across pair distances, for accuracy and latency in a condition that makes equivalence classes salient from the beginning. We discuss these findings in the context of a process model of equivalence class formation based on learned piecemeal information. Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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