Coherent correlation imaging for resolving fluctuating states of matter.

Autor: Klose C; Max Born Institute, Berlin, Germany., Büttner F; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. felix.buettner@helmholtz-berlin.de.; National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. felix.buettner@helmholtz-berlin.de.; Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany. felix.buettner@helmholtz-berlin.de., Hu W; National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. wenhu@bnl.gov., Mazzoli C; National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA., Litzius K; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Battistelli R; Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany., Zayko S; IV Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany., Lemesh I; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Bartell JM; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Huang M; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Günther CM; Zentraleinrichtung Elektronenmikroskopie (ZELMI), Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Schneider M; Max Born Institute, Berlin, Germany., Barbour A; National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA., Wilkins SB; National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA., Beach GSD; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Eisebitt S; Max Born Institute, Berlin, Germany.; Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Pfau B; Max Born Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2023 Feb; Vol. 614 (7947), pp. 256-261. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 18.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05537-9
Abstrakt: Fluctuations and stochastic transitions are ubiquitous in nanometre-scale systems, especially in the presence of disorder. However, their direct observation has so far been impeded by a seemingly fundamental, signal-limited compromise between spatial and temporal resolution. Here we develop coherent correlation imaging (CCI) to overcome this dilemma. Our method begins by classifying recorded camera frames in Fourier space. Contrast and spatial resolution emerge by averaging selectively over same-state frames. Temporal resolution down to the acquisition time of a single frame arises independently from an exceptionally low misclassification rate, which we achieve by combining a correlation-based similarity metric 1,2 with a modified, iterative hierarchical clustering algorithm 3,4 . We apply CCI to study previously inaccessible magnetic fluctuations in a highly degenerate magnetic stripe domain state with nanometre-scale resolution. We uncover an intricate network of transitions between more than 30 discrete states. Our spatiotemporal data enable us to reconstruct the pinning energy landscape and to thereby explain the dynamics observed on a microscopic level. CCI massively expands the potential of emerging high-coherence X-ray sources and paves the way for addressing large fundamental questions such as the contribution of pinning 5-8 and topology 9-12 in phase transitions and the role of spin and charge order fluctuations in high-temperature superconductivity 13,14 .
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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