Raising the suspicion of a non-autochthonous infection: identification of Leishmania guyanensis from Costa Rica exhibits a Leishmaniavirus related to Brazilian north-east and French Guiana viral genotypes.

Autor:	Mata-Somarribas C; Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud, Centro Nacional de Referencia de Parasitología, Cartago, Costa Rica., Quesada-López J; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Área de Salud Santa Rosa de Pocosol, Alajuela, Costa Rica., Matamoros MF; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Hospital Escalante Pradilla, San José, Costa Rica., Cervantes-Gómez C; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Hospital William Allen, Cartago, Costa Rica., Mejía A; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Área de Salud Florencia, Alajuela, Costa Rica., Chacón K; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Hospital Ciudad Neily, Puntarenas, Costa Rica., Bendig I; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Hospital de Guápiles, Limón, Costa Rica., Campos R; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Área de Salud Matina, Limón, Costa Rica., Quesada-Morera R; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Área de Salud Talamanca, Limón, Costa Rica., Cantanhêde LM; Fiocruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil., Pereira LOR; Fiocruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil., Cupolillo E; Fiocruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz [Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz] 2023 Jan 16; Vol. 117, pp. e220162. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 16 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1590/0074-02760220162
Abstrakt:	Background: Costa Rica has a history of neglecting prevention, control and research of leishmaniasis, including limited understanding on Leishmania species causing human disease across the country and a complete lack of knowledge on the Leishmania RNA virus, described as a factor linked to the worsening and metastasis of leishmanial lesions. Objectives: The aim of this work was to describe a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, bearing infection with Leishmaniavirus 1 (LRV1) in Costa Rica, raising the suspicion of imported parasites in the region. Methods: The Leishmania strain was previously identified by routine hsp70 polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Costa Rica and subsequently characterised by isoenzyme electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing in Brazil. Screening for LRV1 was conducted with a dual RT-PCR approach and sequencing of the fragment obtained. Findings: Since 2016 Costa Rica performs Leishmania isolation and typing as part of its epidemiological surveillance activities. Amongst 113 strains typed until 2019, only one was characterised as a L. (V.) guyanensis, corresponding to the first confirmed report of this species in the country. Interestingly, the same strain tested positive for LRV1. Sequencing of the viral orf1 and 2, clustered this sample with other LRV1 genotypes of South American origin, from the Northeast of Brazil and French Guiana. Main Conclusion: The unique characteristics of this finding raised the suspicion that it was not an autochthonous strain. Notwithstanding its presumed origin, this report points to the occurrence of said endosymbiont in Central American Leishmania strains. The possibility of its local dispersion represents one more challenge faced by regional health authorities in preventing and controlling leishmaniasis.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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