Artificial turf and crumb rubber infill: An international policy review concerning the current state of regulations.

Autor:	Zuccaro P; Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA., Thompson DC; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA., de Boer J; Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Watterson A; Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland., Wang Q; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China., Tang S; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China., Shi X; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China., Llompart M; CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain., Ratola N; LEPABE- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology, and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Vasiliou V; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Environmental challenges (Amsterdam, Netherlands) [Environ Chall (Amst)] 2022 Dec; Vol. 9. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 16.
DOI:	10.1016/j.envc.2022.100620
Abstrakt:	Background: Although artificial turf fields are utilized widely around the world, sufficient research has not yet been conducted to assess the potential human and environmental health risks posed by the chemicals contained in the fields' fibers, backing, and often-used crumb rubber infill. Consequently, there is wide variation in governmental policies. Objective: Review the notable policies concerning artificial turf and crumb rubber infill in the European Union, United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada, China, Qatar, and the Global Stockholm Convention of the United Nations. Methods: Information was collected that included published papers, technical and policy reports, and grey literature. These were then analyzed by a collaborative group familiar with the environmental policies in their respective countries to extract the pertinent legislative or regulatory information. The group members were primarily identified through their involvement in publications pertinent to artificial turf and crumb rubber infill health research and included environmental health professors, active researchers, and governmental agency officials. Most information on direct policies was taken directly from reports provided to the public by various governmental agencies responsible for their countries' regulations, often available within the respective agency's online archives. Results: There are significant differences in the regulatory approaches adopted by the investigated countries with regards to artificial turf and its crumb rubber infill. Some regions, such as the European Union, have taken substantial steps to limit the fields' chemical components to which the public and environment are exposed. Other regions and countries have done far less to address the issue. Most policies relate directly to (i) the fields themselves, (ii) the microplastic components of crumb rubber infill, or (iii) the concentrations of harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and heavy metals. Conclusion: While nearly every country acknowledges the potential health risks posed by heavy metals, microplastics, PAHs, and PFAS chemicals, very few have actually implemented artificial turf and crumb rubber infill regulations and/or established adequate surveillance measures to protect those regularly exposed to the fields. Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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