Intensified Olympic Preparation: Sleep and Training-Related Hormonal and Immune Responses in Water Polo.
Autor: | Botonis PG; School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens,Greece., Toubekis AG; School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens,Greece. |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Zdroj: | International journal of sports physiology and performance [Int J Sports Physiol Perform] 2023 Jan 14; Vol. 18 (2), pp. 187-194. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 14 (Print Publication: 2023). |
DOI: | 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0079 |
Abstrakt: | Purpose: To investigate whether sleeping activity, hormonal responses, and wellness are altered in elite water polo players during their preparation toward the Tokyo Olympics. Methods: Eight elite-level water polo players participated in 3 consecutive training phases: (1) before the commencement of a residential-based conditioning camp (PRE-CAMP; 3 d), (2) residential-based conditioning camp (5 d), and (3) a congested period of training and competition (POST-CAMP; 8 d). Nocturnal sleep was monitored for 14 consecutive days in PRE-CAMP (2 d), CAMP (5 d), and POST-CAMP (7 d). Postawakening salivary cortisol, immunoglobulin-A, and subjective wellness were measured during PRE-CAMP, CAMP, and POST-CAMP, and internal training/match load (ITL) was calculated daily. The averaged values for dependent variables were compared among training phases and analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: At CAMP compared with PRE-CAMP, ITL was higher (P < .01), and sleep onset and offset were earlier (P < .01). At this period, sleep interruptions and salivary cortisol were higher (P < .01, d = 1.6, d = 1.9, respectively), and subjective wellness was worsened (P < .01, d = 1.3). At POST-CAMP, the reduction of workload was followed by increased sleep efficiency, reduced sleep interruptions, and moderately affected salivary cortisol, yet overall wellness remained unaltered. In POST-CAMP, 2 of the players demonstrated severe symptoms of illness. Conclusions: At the highest level of the sport and prior to the Olympics, large increments in workload during a training camp induced meaningful sleep interruptions and salivary cortisol increases, both of which were reversed at POST-CAMP. We suggest that the increased workload alongside the inadequate recovery affects sleep patterns and may increase the risk of infection. |
Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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