Metagenomics Shines Light on the Evolution of "Sunscreen" Pigment Metabolism in the Teloschistales (Lichen-Forming Ascomycota).

Autor:	Llewellyn T; Comparative Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK.; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.; Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet Doctoral Training Partnership, Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK., Nowell RW; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK., Aptroot A; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n Bairro Universitário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900, Brazil., Temina M; Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel., Prescott TAK; Comparative Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK., Barraclough TG; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK., Gaya E; Comparative Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Genome biology and evolution [Genome Biol Evol] 2023 Feb 03; Vol. 15 (2).
DOI:	10.1093/gbe/evad002
Abstrakt:	Fungi produce a vast number of secondary metabolites that shape their interactions with other organisms and the environment. Characterizing the genes underpinning metabolite synthesis is therefore key to understanding fungal evolution and adaptation. Lichenized fungi represent almost one-third of Ascomycota diversity and boast impressive secondary metabolites repertoires. However, most lichen biosynthetic genes have not been linked to their metabolite products. Here we used metagenomic sequencing to survey gene families associated with production of anthraquinones, UV-protectant secondary metabolites present in various fungi, but especially abundant in a diverse order of lichens, the Teloschistales (class Lecanoromycetes, phylum Ascomycota). We successfully assembled 24 new, high-quality lichenized-fungal genomes de novo and combined them with publicly available Lecanoromycetes genomes from taxa with diverse secondary chemistry to produce a whole-genome tree. Secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) analysis showed that whilst lichen BGCs are numerous and highly dissimilar, core enzyme genes are generally conserved across taxa. This suggests metabolite diversification occurs via re-shuffling existing enzyme genes with novel accessory genes rather than BGC gains/losses or de novo gene evolution. We identified putative anthraquinone BGCs in our lichen dataset that appear homologous to anthraquinone clusters from non-lichenized fungi, suggesting these genes were present in the common ancestor of the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Finally, we identified unique transporter genes in Teloschistales anthraquinone BGCs that may explain why these metabolites are so abundant and ubiquitous in these lichens. Our results support the importance of metagenomics for understanding the secondary metabolism of non-model fungi such as lichens. (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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