Waterborne diseases and ethnic-related disparities: A 10 years nationwide mortality and burden of disease analysis from Ecuador.

Autor:	Ortiz-Prado E; One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador., Simbaña-Rivera K; One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador., Cevallos G; One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador., Gómez-Barreno L; One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador., Cevallos D; One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador., Lister A; University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom., Fernandez-Naranjo R; One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador., Ríos-Touma B; Biodiversity, Environment and Health Research Group (BIOMAS), Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador., Vásconez-González J; One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica., Izquierdo-Condoy JS; One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.; Health Management and Research Area, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2022 Dec 21; Vol. 10, pp. 1029375. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 21 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fpubh.2022.1029375
Abstrakt:	Background: Despite worldwide progress in terms of clean water supply, sanitation, and hygiene knowledge, some middle and most of low-income countries are still experiencing many diseases transmitted using unsafe water and the lack of sanitation. Methods: To understand the impact of all waterborne diseases (WBD) registered in Ecuador. We performed a population-based analysis of all cases and deaths due to WBD in Ecuador based on the national public databases of hospital discharges as a proxy of incidence, in-hospital mortality, and countrywide general mortality rates from 2011 to 2020. Results: In Ecuador, mestizos (mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry) had the greatest morbidity rate (141/100,000), followed by indigenous (63/100,000) and self-determined white patients (21/100,000). However, in terms of mortality, indigenous population have the greatest risk and rates, having a 790% additional mortality rate (2.6/100,000) than the reference group (self-determined white populations) at 0.29/100,000. The burden of disease analysis demonstrated that indigenous had the highest burden of disease caused by WBD with 964 YLL per every 100,000 people while mestizos have 360 YYL per 100,000 and self-determined white Ecuadorians have 109 YYL per 100,000. Conclusions: In Ecuador, waterborne diseases (WBD) are still a major public health problem. We found that indigenous population had higher probability of getting sick and die due to WBD than the rest of the ethnic groups in Ecuador. We also found that younger children and the elderly are more likely to be admitted to the hospital due to a WBD. These epidemiological trends are probably associated with the lower life expectancy found among Indigenous than among the rest of the ethnic groups, who die at least, 39 years earlier than the self-determined white populations, 28 years earlier than Afro-Ecuadorians and 12 years earlier than the mestizos. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Ortiz-Prado, Simbaña-Rivera, Cevallos, Gómez-Barreno, Cevallos, Lister, Fernandez-Naranjo, Ríos-Touma, Vásconez-González and Izquierdo-Condoy.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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