Early diversification of avian limb morphology and the role of modularity in the locomotor evolution of crown birds.

Autor:	Eliason CM; Grainger Bioinformatics Center, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States., Proffitt JV; Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.; Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, Missouri University, Columbia, MO, United States., Clarke JA; Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Evolution; international journal of organic evolution [Evolution] 2023 Feb 04; Vol. 77 (2), pp. 342-354.
DOI:	10.1093/evolut/qpac039
Abstrakt:	High disparity among avian forelimb and hind limb segments in crown birds relative to non-avialan theropod dinosaurs, potentially driven by the origin of separate forelimb and hind limb locomotor modules, has been linked to the evolution of diverse avian locomotor behaviors. However, this hypothesized relationship has rarely been quantitatively investigated in a phylogenetic framework. We assessed the relationship between the evolution of limb morphology and locomotor behavior by comparing a numerical proxy for locomotor disparity to morphospace sizes derived from a dataset of 1,241 extant species. We then estimated how limb disparity accumulated during the crown avian radiation. Lastly, we tested whether limb segments evolved independently between each limb module using phylogenetically informed regressions. Hind limb disparity increased significantly with locomotor disparity after accounting for clade age and species richness. We found that forelimb disparity accumulated rapidly early in avian evolution, whereas hind limb disparity accumulated later, in more recent divergences. We recovered little support for strong correlations between forelimb and hind limb morphology. We posit that these findings support independent evolution of locomotor modules that enabled the striking morphological and behavioral disparity of extant birds. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE). All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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