The third vaccine dose significantly reduces susceptibility to the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Autor: Farias JP; Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil., Pinheiro JR; Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil.; Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil., Andreata-Santos R; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil., Fogaça MMC; Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil., da Silva Brito RD; Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil., da Cruz EF; Division of Infectology, Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., de Castro-Amarante MF; Vaccine Development Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; Scientific Platform Pasteur USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Pereira SS; Vaccine Development Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Dos Santos Almeida S; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil., Moreira LM; Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil., da Conceição Simões R; Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil., Luiz WB; Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil., Birbrair A; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, Madison, USA.; Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA., Belmok A; Laboratory of Baculoviruses, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil., Ribeiro BM; Laboratory of Baculoviruses, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil., Maricato JT; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil., Braconi CT; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil., de Souza Ferreira LC; Vaccine Development Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; Scientific Platform Pasteur USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Janini LMR; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.; Division of Infectology, Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Amorim JH; Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil.; Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of medical virology [J Med Virol] 2023 Feb; Vol. 95 (2), pp. e28481.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28481
Abstrakt: The main coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine formulations used today are mainly based on the wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein as an antigen. However, new virus variants capable of escaping neutralization activity of serum antibodies elicited in vaccinated individuals have emerged. The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant caused epidemics in regions of the world in which most of the population has been vaccinated. In this study, we aimed to understand what determines individual's susceptibility to Omicron in a scenario of extensive vaccination. For that purpose, we collected nasopharynx swab (n = 286) and blood samples (n = 239) from flu-like symptomatic patients, as well as their vaccination history against COVID-19. We computed the data regarding vaccine history, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 serology, and viral genome sequencing to evaluate their impact on the number of infections. As main results, we showed that vaccination in general did not reduce the number of individuals infected by Omicron, even with an increased immune response found among vaccinated, noninfected individuals. Nonetheless, we found that individuals who received the third vaccine dose showed significantly reduced susceptibility to Omicron infections. A relevant evidence that support this finding was the higher virus neutralization capacity of serum samples of most patients who received the third vaccine dose. In summary, this study shows that boosting immune responses after a third vaccine dose reduces susceptibility to COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant. Results presented in this study are useful for future formulations of COVID-19 vaccination policies.
(© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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