Immunological mechanisms involved in macrophage activation and polarization in schistosomiasis.

Autor:	Licá ICL; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil., Frazão GCCG; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil., Nogueira RA; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil., Lira MGS; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil., Dos Santos VAF; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil., Rodrigues JGM; Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Miranda GS; Department of Biology, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Brazil., Carvalho RC; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil., Silva LA; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil., Guerra RNM; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil., Nascimento FRF; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.; Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Parasitology [Parasitology] 2023 Apr; Vol. 150 (5), pp. 401-415. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 05.
DOI:	10.1017/S0031182023000021
Abstrakt:	Human schistosomiasis is caused by helminths of the genus Schistosoma . Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune regulation of this disease. These cells acquire different phenotypes depending on the type of stimulus they receive. M1 macrophages can be ‘classically activated’ and can display a proinflammatory phenotype. M2 or ‘alternatively activated’ macrophages are considered anti-inflammatory cells. Despite the relevance of macrophages in controlling infections, the role of the functional types of these cells in schistosomiasis is unclear. This review highlights different molecules and/or macrophage activation and polarization pathways during Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum infection. This review is based on original and review articles obtained through searches in major databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, ACS, PubMed, Wiley, Scielo, Web of Science, LILACS and ScienceDirect. Our findings emphasize the importance of S. mansoni and S. japonicum antigens in macrophage polarization, as they exert immunomodulatory effects in different stages of the disease and are therefore important as therapeutic targets for schistosomiasis and in vaccine development. A combination of different antigens can provide greater protection, as it possibly stimulates an adequate immune response for an M1 or M2 profile and leads to host resistance; however, this warrants in vitro and in vivo studies.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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