Evaluation of The Effects of Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) Fruits on the Puberty of Rats

Autor: Kılınç Uğurlu A; Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey, Bideci A; Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey, Anadol E; Gazi University, Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center, Ankara, Turkey, Süntar İ; Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey, Take Kaplanoğlu G; Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey, Gülbahar Ö; Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey, Şafak Teksin Z; Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey, Dayanır D; Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey, Deveci Bulut TS; Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey, Uluoğlu C; Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey, Çamurdan MO; Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology [J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol] 2023 May 29; Vol. 15 (2), pp. 145-153. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 04.
DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-7-5
Abstrakt: Objective: This study was planned to determine the effects of carob use on puberty because of the observation of early puberty or pubertal variants due to the long-term use of carob in our clinic.
Methods: Forty-eight Wistar albino rats, on postnatal day 21, were assigned into two groups female (n=24) and male (n=24). Groups were divided into four groups Control, and Carob-150, Carob-300, and Carob-600. Ceratonia siliqua L. extract was given to rats in a 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution. CMC (0.5%) was given to the control, Ceratonia siliqua L. extract was given 150 mg/kg/day to the Carob-150, 300 mg/kg/day to the Carob-300, 600 mg/kg/day to the Carob-600 by oral gavage. The treatments were performed once daily until the first sign of puberty. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, total testosterone, leptin, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde were measured by commercial rat-specific ELISA kits. Testis, uterus and ovarian tissue were examined histologically.
Results: The median time of preputial separation in male rats was 38 th , 31 st , 31 st , and 31 st days in the Control, Carob-150, Carob-300, and Carob-600 groups, respectively (p=0.004). The median day of vaginal opening day was the 39 th , 31 st , 34 th , and 31 st days in the Control, Carob-150, Carob-300, and Carob-600 groups, respectively (p=0.059). FSH, LH, testosterone (male), estradiol (female) and leptin levels of the groups were similar. However, GPx levels were higher in male and female animals given C. siliqua extract compared to the Control (male p=0.001 and female p=0.008). Testicular and ovarian tissues were concordant with the pubertal period in all groups. As the dose of Ceratonia siliqua extract increased, it induced spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, causing abnormal changes, such as ondulation in the basement membrane, capillary dilatation, and increased congestion in males. In females, edema in the medulla gradually increased with increased dosage, and granulosa cell connections were separated in Carob-300 and Carob-600 groups.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that C. siliqua caused early puberty and increased spermiogenesis and folliculogenesis. Antioxidant mechanisms were impaired with increasing dose, possibly leading to tissue damage at high doses.
(©Copyright 2023 by Turkish Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes | The Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology published by Galenos Publishing House.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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